The Career of Respiratory Therapist Essay -- essays research papers

Respiratory TherapistRespiratory c atomic number 18 makes a difference. And in that location are reasons why a Respiratory Therapist would be a great job. A guest speaker came into our class to explain more about the job. He explained discipline requirements, the job description, and the job opportunities. Education requirements, is what a student needs to reach the goal of becoming a respiratory therapist. There are a impart of 379 respiratory technician colleges/universities in the U.S. Such as, IUP, CCAC, and many more. For a Respiratory Therapist the most you need is a Bachelor?s Degree, which takes 4 years. For this major you, there is Technical School(1+year), Associate Degree(2 years), and Bachelor?s Degree(4 years). Then the degree you end up with is a Bachelor?s Degree. Then there?s come on detail about the job itself.There are many responsibilities in being a Respiratory Therapist. Which include, performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Diagnostic pr ocedures are the arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function studies, sleep studies, and more. Therapeutic procedures a...

Sarah Grimke and Frederick Douglass :: essays research papers

When I mention the names Sarah Grimke and Frederick Douglass what comes to mind? Abolitionists? Equal rights activists? Of course, these two individuals are devising great strives to fight for what they believe in. The sad thing about it is that we dont have enough people with the likes of these two. England abolished slavery in 1834 so how long impart we go on with this inhumane cruelty toward people. Our country is in a state of denial and if we dont wake up soon, we will all(a) pay the price. Im going to discuss a little bit about these two abolitionist speakers, than compare and contrast their roles of rhetoric, clean-livingity, ideas, and backgrounds.They are Sarah Grimke and Frederick Douglass. Sarah was born in 1792 and Frederick was born in 1818. These two individuals are very devoted to abolishing slavery and finding true equal rights but ironically, other than their sexuality and race difference, they both come from unique backgrounds. Sarah was white and born into a large wealthy family. Her father owned a plantation with slaves and Sarah grew to hate the roast that the slaves had to endure. She was deeply religious and felt that slavery was against her moral beliefs. She speaks a lot from the bible and believes that men and women were created equal. After the death of her father she moved out of southwesterly Carolina and moved up North to pursue a role as an abolitionist and womens rights activist. Now on the other had Frederick was born into slavery. He was spirit in Maryland, born to a white man unknown to him and his mother was also a slave. Frederick pursued how to read and write while being a slave but found that it was an uphill battle, because no slaves were permitted to be educated. Frederick persevered and learned to read and write but prior to his escape up North his moral was very low because being educated as a slave he states, It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. It opened my eyes to the gran d pit, but to no ladder upon which to get out(Narrative of the Life of F.D. Pg 1073 col.2). Can you imagine this a slave that can now read and write all of a sudden wishes the opposite? Its tough to stomach the grief that he must have felt during that time.

harmful legalization Essay -- essays research papers

Harmful LegalizationThe United States government has seen fit to pass laws prohibiting the sale, manufacture, and possession of dangerous and destructive substances such as hemp. In opportunistic and negligent haste, fringe aspects of society are seeking to undo laws regarding the restriction of ganja. These factions have ignored the risks associated with marijuana, falsified information regarding its medical use, and ignore the greater issue with regards to the legalization of harmful substances.LSD, angle dust, and cocaine have several things in common, not the least of which is like marijuana, they are each responsible for the deaths of countless individuals. While a subject will find it difficult to surfaceright end his life with marijuana, it does cause harmful damage to both the user and those around him. Each marijuana cigarette is exponenti eachy more damaging to the lungs of the smoker and those around him than a typical tobacco cigarette. Further, contrary to claims o f the harmlessness of marijuana by some advocates, each term it is used, it obliterates a portion of brain cells that can never grow back. Also the active ingredient in marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, has been linked to fetal damage, hormonal swings, a slight addiction rate, lower sperm counts and accelerated heart rates, none of which are anything approaching good health for a user. Other aspects besides a users physical body suffer when he or she decides to use marijuana.The emotional damage marijuana causes can be trounce summed up by a quotation from researcher Damon Linker it (marijuana) does produce a pathology of the soul (Linker). Everyone around the user suffers, because while he or she is in a drug-induced haze he or she neglects his or her friends, family and responsibilities. By escaping the subject simply dulls his or her pain from various troubles for a moment and does nothing to solve that which plagues him or her. Because of this, users will find themselv es trapped within a vicious, unending cycle of getting high and forgetting, to coming down and needing the next fix, to getting high again. Upon realizing that the marijuana isnt what is required to take away their pain, some will turn to other harder drugs such as cocaine. There may be other reasons for great deal to start using marijuana, but there is an unacceptable large risk that some of these new users w... ... For to claim the latter logically leads one to the bizarre judicial decision that Mother Teresa is no more and no less virtuous than Adolph Hitler (Beckwith).This way of thinking is detrimental to our society as a whole. When we refuse to take a stand against something that is morally wrong, we in fact, aid that cause. This allows the minority to dictate the terms to the majority. Look at Germany, 1932 Hitler was elected to power, because only fifteen percent of the bucolic came out to vote. In our own country less than one-third of the people are in favor of mariju ana legalization of that number surely not all of them will ever use marijuana. We know that marijuana physically and emotionally harms people, has no medicinal value, and only a small minority of people of the country will use this drug, so why should it be legalized? The answer obviously is that it shouldnt. Nor should we let the minority dictate terms to the rest of the country. This situation reminds me of a quote I heard from my grandpa The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.&65532The chart above shows the Ohio drug-violation arrests starting from 2000 to 2004.

The Significance of Gender Roles in Shakespeares The Taming of the Shr

Gender roles are undeniably a fundamental topic of critique in literature, curiously since expect gender roles have evolved in recent years. More importantly, the transcendence of these gender expectations indicates the possibility for transformation and increasing liberation in society. History explores some(prenominal) different stages for the sexes and their respective roles, from traditional anti-feminist times in which certain roles were strictly enforced, to more modern beliefs entailing free will and a lack of restrictions. In breach of this progress, there are always those who expedite the process while there are others that hinder development from occurring, even when it is necessary. Literary works in token serve as a showcase for the progression of gender roles, but nonetheless reveal that through time certain elements remain consistent. Two authors who wrote in radically different time periods, William Shakespeare and Lorraine Hansberry, wrote plays that pose a th reat to expected and traditional gender roles. The Taming of the Shrew (1623) is an example of an earlier work, which involves characters that manage to defeat their expected roles by acting out of the ordinary. A shrew, which is literally defined as either a small rodent-like animal or a woman with a harsh and nagging temperament (American Heritage Dictionary 1285), is used in reference to Katherine, the daughter of Baptista, who counters the expectation of women to act submissive by being showy and outspoken. In the end, even though Katherine seems to have submitted herself to societys expectation of women, she is really solitary(prenominal) conforming in order to benefit her social role, since she realizes that evaluate her role in society will be easier than counteri... ...ple are cruel, she still has big dreams of going to Africa with Asagai and becoming a doctor. In their plays, Shakespeare and Hansberry share a rough-cut element, which seems to say that some things, such as society and its expectations, are timeless. Society sets up expectations that are accepted and preferable to other members of society, and Katherine and Beneatha serve not only to demonstrate this ideology but also to argue against it and draw attention to the perpetual gender expectation of society.Works CitedHartwig, Joan. Horses and Women in The Taming of the Shrew. 45. 4. (1982Autumn) 285-294.Newman, Karen. The Taming of the Shrew A Modern Perspective. 229-238.Shrew. American Heritage Dictionary. 4th ed. 2002.Wilkerson, Margaret B. A Raisin in the Sun Anniversary of an American Classic. 38.2. (1986 Dec) 441-453.

Women in Shakespeares Writings :: essays research papers fc

Shakespeare wrote numerous entries based on his feelings at that moment. The basis of many of his female characters was brought about by these certain emotions. The women in Shakespeares writings emphasize many of the characteristics that reflect his own personality.Shakespeare bases many of his plays and poems on his moods.It is often said when compilers write of what emotional state they are in, their words form the essence of their works. Shakespeares moods, whether dark or romantic, have brought about many excellent plays that still touch the hearts of many to this day. (Kellog 225 -256)An example of his romantic mood is found in his play Romeo & Juliet. The strong have a go at it between the two reflected Shakespeares love for his wife Anne. The bonds of love drive the "two star-crossed lovers" to disobey their families in hopes that their true love will unites the mortal enemies forever. In turn it pushes e preciseone to the edge. Juliets father partially disowns her because she refuses to marry the suitor he has chosen for her. In effort to keep her and Romeos love alive, Juliet takes a drug that makes her seem as though she were dead. (O Conner 69)In the hour of her "fake" funeral, Romeos friend Balthasar misinterprets Juliets death. He flees to Mantua, which is where Romeo is exiled for slaying Tybalt. Romeo, not knowing of Juliet and the priests actions, believes that story he was told to be true. He then returns to Verona a sad and forlorned man. (o conner 127)Upon his return, Romeo purchases poison so that he may sexual union his true love at the gates of heaven. He arrives at the church and approaches the supposedly dead Juliet. He allows himself one last hug and kiss forwards they are to meet again. As Romeo drinks the poison, Juliet awakens to find her love dying before her. When Romeo dies, Juliet feels the only way they can be together is in death. Therefore, Juliet falls on Romeos sword so they can reunite again. Romeo & Juliet is one of Shakespeares most famous romantic tragedies. (O conner 217)Another characteristic that Shakespeare posses and gives to his female characters is religious beliefs. During the Renaissance period, women were very active in religion. They were only allowed to speak their minds in church so that is where they spent most of their time (sachs 17). The belief of the Renaissance time was that men govern over their wives, as parents did children, as kings did coutries, and as God rules over all.

Women in Shakespeares Writings :: essays research papers fc

Shakespeare wrote many entries based on his feelings at that moment. The basis of many of his female characters was brought about by these certain emotions. The women in Shakespeares literary productions emphasize many of the characteristics that reflect his own personality.Shakespeare bases many of his plays and poems on his moods.It is often said when writers write of what emotional state they are in, their words form the vegetable marrow of their works. Shakespeares moods, whether dark or romantic, have brought about many excellent plays that still touch the hearts of many to this day. (Kellog 225 -256)An example of his romantic mood is found in his play Romeo & Juliet. The strong bang between the two reflected Shakespeares love for his wife Anne. The bonds of love drive the "two star-crossed loers" to disobey their families in hopes that their true love will unites the mortal enemies forever. In turn it pushes every iodine to the edge. Juliets father partially diso wns her because she refuses to marry the suitor he has chosen for her. In effort to keep her and Romeos love alive, Juliet takes a drug that makes her seem as though she were dead. (O Conner 69)In the hour of her "fake" funeral, Romeos friend Balthasar misinterprets Juliets death. He flees to Mantua, which is where Romeo is exiled for slaying Tybalt. Romeo, not knowing of Juliet and the priests actions, believes that story he was told to be true. He then returns to Verona a sad and forlorned man. (o conner 127)Upon his return, Romeo purchases poison so that he may join his true love at the gates of heaven. He arrives at the perform and approaches the supposedly dead Juliet. He allows himself one last hug and kiss before they are to meet again. As Romeo drinks the poison, Juliet awakens to find her love dying before her. When Romeo dies, Juliet feels the only way they can be together is in death. Therefore, Juliet falls on Romeos sword so they can reunite again. Romeo & Juliet is one of Shakespeares most famous romantic tragedies. (O conner 217)Another characteristic that Shakespeare posses and gives to his female characters is religious beliefs. During the Renaissance period, women were very active in religion. They were only allowed to speak their minds in church so that is where they spent most of their time (sachs 17). The belief of the Renaissance time was that men ruled over their wives, as parents did children, as kings did coutries, and as God rules over all.

All Children Can Learn and Most at High Levels

One of the founding principles of the Kentucky Education Re variant Act is the statement that All children fundament learn and most at high levels. With many states having a signifi dissolvet achievement gap between diverse students, it is becoming more important to hold high expectations for all students. I believe that all children can learn and most at high levels. But my point is that not all the children can learn at high levels in the same field. As we know the student is the subject of education. Education aims to develope students learning potential.But children from different environments have differences in their physiology, intelligence, ability, aptitude, interest, personality traits and emotional development. Therefore some children may take a shit a great success in music while some others may in math. If we can educate them according to their personalities and individual needs, most children can learn at high levels. American educator John Dewey (John Dewey ,1859-19 52) has pointed out that there are plasticity and dependency in the process of ones growth.This means that the development of a child has unlimited possibilities. The antiquated Chinese educator, the Confucius put forward the idea that No Child Left Behind and nurture students in accordance with their aptitude. This can be regarded as the practice of the concept that every child can learn and most at high levels. Therefore, whether ancient or modern, Western or Eastern, educators all hold the same concept. We want children to be able to learn and success, the key is the teacher.A professional, high-quality and enthusiastic teacher impart be a good fortune to the children. This is why personal development is a necessity to teachers. During these years of teaching I met a lot of challenges to stand the special needs of children and develope their learning confidence. I always try my best to help each child and encourage them. To teach a student wellspring needs the effort of al l parties including parents, teachers and communities.As a home class teacher, I combine all the parties well to improve students learning capacities and help them to form clear awareness of themselves. If the children in my class can tap all of their potentials, that will be a great success to me as a teacher. Nowadays, the controversy is very fierce. Teachers have the obligation to educate their students to be more competitive in certain area in the society. We dont have the justly to give up any of the children. Today, we have to give up the child. Tomorrow, the child may give up the society. Society will pay a high price.

Anthony Burns Essay

Imagine being a slave during the time of the fugitive slave act. Would you run away or would you stay and delay being a slave? If you ran away and you ran to Massachusetts and your master found you would you run from him? The man in this story did, listen as I tell you the sad story of Anthony burn. Anthony burns was an educated slave that had a white father. His mother was a stock breeder which meant she had a baby every year. Anthonys first master treated him like a sun early in the morning and gives him a sawhorse ride. Anthony was very smart.One day his master threw him of his horse in mid air Tony did a somersault and landed on his hand and he flipped over. At the age of nineteen, Anthony Burns escaped slavery in Richmond, traveling by ship to Boston in 1853. In Boston he worked for Coffin Pitts, apparel dealer, no. 36 Brattle Street. On May 24, 1854 he was discovered while walking in Court Street and arrested. As a hub of guard toward the slave power of the South, many B ostonians reacted by attempting to free Burns. President Franklin Pierce made an example of the case to show he was willing to strongly use the Fugitive Slave Act.The show of force turned many New Englanders against slavery who had passively accepted its existence before. On May 26, before Burns court case, a crowd of abolitionists of both races, including Thomas Wentworth Higginson and other Bostonians outraged at Burns arrest, stormed the court house to free the man. In the melee, Deputy U. S. muster up James Batchelder was fatally stabbed, becoming the second Marshal to be killed in the line of duty. The police kept control of Burns, but the crowds of opponents, including such African-American abolitionists as ThomasJames grew large. While the federal government sent US troops in support, numerous anti-slavery activists arrived in Boston to join the protest and continue the faceoff. It has been estimated the governments cost of capturing and conducting Burns through the trial w as upwards of $40,000. He was eventually taken back to Virginia where he went to a slave prison for a year. Afterward he was sold in North Carolina. Where his friend bought him and sent him to Canada where he lived the rest of his short life. He became a pastor and preached and lived peacefully.

Mobile Phone Research

section of Communications and Multimedia Research on Commonest Auto brisk in Yola Peace Adewunmi Funmilayo An Assignment Submitted to the Department of Communication and Multimedia School of Information Technology and Communications In partial fulfillment of The requirements for the completion of CMD 450 (Advertising Research) Prof. Samuel Tesunbi Course Instructor Yola, State of Adamawa, Nigeria 22nd April, 2013 parry OF CONTENT face-lift. INTRODUCTION. PURPOSE OF STUDY. .. METHOD. . literature REVIEW. RESULTS.. RECOMMENDATION.. REFERENCE PAGE. POWER POINT APPENDIX. ABSTRACT The enquiry mail preference of officious audios among AUN students is an independent market research. This study would help in identifying the most preferred mobile brand in the American University of Nigeria (AUN) as well as the most handlingd mobile brand.Using quantitative method, three hundred students were selected using convenient sampling, therefrom ccc questionnaires were distributed among AU N students, After analyzing the information gotten from the check into Using SPSS Blackberry bold 5,4 Blackberry curve and Blackberry torch mobile earpieces were the most used and preferred mobile brand in AUN followed by I phones 4 and 5 then Samsung S3 and S4. INTRODUCTION A mobile phone is a handheld device that can string and receive telephone c e very(prenominal)(prenominal)s everyplace a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area.Modern mobile phones support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, E-mail, short grip wireless communications like infrared and Bluetooth, internet access, lineage applications, gaming and photography. meandering(a) phones have become an essential part of every persons life, it is now one of the common means of communication over time, therefore communication has been made easy most businesses have grown exceedingly, a lot jobs are less stressful, family and friends have been able to strengthen their kinship by means of and finished the use of mobile phones.Using Nigeria as an example, back in recently 90s when mobile phones were not so common brands such as Samsung, Nokia, Bird, Sendo etc, were the except useable mobile phones in black and white, as time went on yellow and blue screens came along until geezerhood later when camera phones and modify screens emerged, this has given a lot of people the opportunity to choose from all kinds of brands all over the world.Looking back to the mobile phone brands were available and the mobile brands available know, it is safe to say the next thing on everyones mind is what mobile brand to use, the different functions and services mobile phone producers have to liberty chit would determine how and why a person or a group of people would be loyal to a particular mobile phone brand. In this courtship blackberry PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE The purpose of this study is to identify the most preferred brand of mobile phone used among students of t he American University of Nigeria.After analyzing the results gotten from the come off blackberry emerged the most preferred brand of mobile phone among students at AUN. This results would help a start-up business for mobile phones know which brands to stock in this case blackberry, I phones and Samsung phones, having the knowledge of how loyal AUN students are towards a particular brand is also paramount to a phone dealer in cases of phone loss, phone damage and replacement, This study could be used as a point of reference for gathering information about mobile phone preference among students of AUN. LITERATURE REVIEWIn recent times mobile phones have become a part our lives, the introduction of the 1st generation of mobile handsets networks in the early 1980s started a gradual process that has fundamentally changed the way people communicate. Even children from the age of 12 have mobile phones some parents say it is a way of supervise their childrens activities. Charles Guertler , (2001) said I got my first phone in the one-seventh grade over the years I have owned a phone, I have noticed my dependence on the device increase. Personally, I cannot see how I would get through my day-to-day life without my cell phone.Over the many years I have owned a phone, I have noticed my dependence on the device increase. I got my first phone in the seventh grade. It was a simple phone it did not have any special features. I primarily had it so that I could call my mom if I was staying late after school or if baseball practice ended early and I needed to be picked up. Throughout the years, every new phone I got became more than advanced, and I started using it to do more things. I am now on my fifth phone, which is a Blackberry. I use it for everything.Living without a mobile phone is as good as walking corps, because you hardly know whats happening around you, Alessandra et all. (2009) expressed that mobile culture has evolved, where the phone becomes a key social and cultural tool. Having a mobile phone is like having a license or an I. D card, without it METHOD The independent market research a study on mobile phone preference of only students of the American University of Nigeria, consisted of using a sample size of ccc students Which were selected using contrivance sampling , 300 questionnaires were distributed among the selected students at different times. 25 questionnaires were handed out and make full on the 5th of April, 2013 in Dorm BB, DD, FF and the cafeteria from 1000am -600pm. 93 questionnaires were filled out on the 6th of April, 2013 at Volpi girls, Volpi boys, cafeteria, Dorm EE and AA from 500PM-835PM. 82 questionnaires were answered on the 9th of April, 2013 between 600pm-900pm at Art and science, POH, Dorm DD and EE. The SPSS would be used to interpret the data. RESULT/DISCUSSIONS Gender Frequency share sensible percentage accumulative pct Valid manlike 145 48. 3 48. 3 48. 3 young-bearing(prenominal) person 155 51. 5 1. 7 100. 0 Total 300 100. 0 100. 0 In table 1, 51. 7% of female answered the questionnaires and 48. 3% of male answered the questionnaires it is obvious that more females answered the questionnaire than the males. Age Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 16-20 yrs 137 45. 7 45. 7 45. 7 21-24 yrs 115 38. 3 38. 3 84. 0 25-30 yrs 48 16. 0 16. 0 100. 0 Total 300 100. 0 100. 0 In table 2, students were asked to pick their age range and the majority came from the age range of 16-20 years with 45. %, 21-24 years with 38. 3% and lastly 16% from the age range of 25-30years. Household income Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid N150,000-350,000 24 8. 0 8. 0 8. 0 Above N350,000-500,000 58 19. 3 19. 3 27. 3 Above N500,000-1,000,000 68 22. 7 22. 7 50. 0 Above 1,000,000 150 50. 0 50. 0 100. 0 Total 300 100. 0 100. 0 Above is a table that shows the general household income per month, 50% agreed that their household income per month is h igher up 1 million, 22. % said that their household income is N500, 000-N1, 000,000, 19. 3% said N350, 000-500,000 and 8% agreed that their household income is N150,000-N350,000 therefore a majority of AUN student household earn from N350,000-above N1,000,000 monthly. Level of Education Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid cerebrate Degree 21 7. 0 7. 0 7. 0 Bachelors Degree 85 28. 3 28. 3 35. 3 Masters Degree 134 44. 7 44. 7 80. 0 Doctorate Degree 60 20. 0 20. 0 100. 0 Total 300 100. 0 100. 0 The results above shows the percentage of the breadwinners level of education, ranging from Associate class to Doctorate degree, the majority of the respondents breadwinners acquired Masters degree with 44. 7%, 28. 3% for breadwinners that have Bachelors degree and leaving those with Doctorate degree at 20% followed by breadwinners that only had Associate degrees with 7%. Mobile brand Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Blackberry 98 32. 7 32. 7 32. 7 I phone 68 22. 7 22. 7 55. 3 Samsung 47 15. 7 15. 7 71. 0 Nokia 21 7. 0 7. 0 78. 0 use more than 1 66 22. 22. 0 100. 0 Total 300 100. 0 100. 0 Respondents were asked which of these mobile phones they have ever used 32. 7% of them have used blackberry phones, 22. 7% said they used I phones, some respondents agreed with 22% to have used more than one of the above listed mobile brand, 15. 7% use Samsung and 7% used Nokia. It can be said that majority of the respondents used blackberry phones. No of times they replaced phones Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Once 110 36. 7 36. 7 36. 7 Twice 48 16. 0 16. 0 52. 7 three times 57 19. 0 19. 0 71. 7 four times 58 19. 19. 3 91. 0 more than 4 times 27 9. 0 9. 0 100. 0 Total 300 100. 0 100. 0 In other to know how many times their preferred mobile brand was replaced, 36. 7% of the respondents agreed to have replaced their phones once, while 19. 3% said four times,19% said three times, 16 % said twice a nd 9% agreed to more than four times, this boils down to the fact Majority of respondent have replaced their phones more than twice. Source of knowledge Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid TV ad 43 14. 3 14. 3 14. 3 Radio ad 18 6. 0 6. 0 20. 3 Newspaper ad 26 8. 7 8. 7 29. Internet streamer 86 28. 7 28. 7 57. 7 Word of mouth 64 21. 3 21. 3 79. 0 more than 1 medium 63 21. 0 21. 0 100. 0 Total 300 100. 0 100. 0 All respondents were asked through which medium they got to nail about their particular mobile brands, majority of them with 28. 7% heard through the internet banner, while 21. 3% through word of mouth and 21% through more than 1 medium of the mediums listed above, 14. 3% for TV, 8. 7% through the newspaper and 6% through Radio. B Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Blackberry 123 41. 0 41. 0 41. 0 I phone 95 31. 31. 7 72. 7 Samsung 52 17. 3 17. 3 90. 0 Nokia 21 7. 0 7. 0 97. 0 Sony Ericson 4 1. 3 1. 3 98. 3 L. G 5 1. 7 1. 7 100. 0 Total 300 100. 0 100. 0 The table above shows what mobile brand the respondents are using,41% which happens to be the majority use blackberry phones followed by 31. 7% using I phones, 17. 3 % using Samsung and Nokia 7%, L. G with 1. 7% and lastly Sony Ericson with 1. 3%. Reason Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Brand name 29 9. 7 9. 7 9. 7 Touch screen 49 16. 3 16. 3 26. 0 Voice controls 13 4. 3 4. 3 30. 3 Dual cameras 8 2. 7 2. 7 33. 0 1,000s of Apps 17 5. 7 5. 7 38. 7 Mega pixel camera 8 2. 7 2. 7 41. 3 Download files 21 7. 0 7. 0 48. 3 checked more than 1 reason 155 51. 7 51. 7 100. 0 Total 300 100. 0 100. 0 Reasons for phone preference were asked and 51. 7% checked more than 1 reason and 16. 3 % agreed they preferred their phone because it has touch screen. Latest mobile Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Touch screen 45 15. 0 15. 0 15. 0 Voice controls 44 14. 7 14. 7 29. 7 Dual camera 51 17. 0 17. 0 46. 7 1,000s of Apps 61 20. 20. 3 67. 0 mega pixel camera 23 7. 7 7. 7 74. 7 some and All of the above 76 25. 3 25. 3 100. 0 Total 300 100. 0 100. 0 The table above shows a list of latest mobile facility and respondents were asked which one of them they were aware of 25. 3% picked some or all of the above , 20. 3% agreed to 1000s of application, 17% said dual cameras,15% touch screen, 14. 7% voice controls and 7. 7% said it was because of a mega pixel camera. Gender * Mobile brand Cross tabulation Count Mobile brand Total Blackberry I phone Samsung Nokia use more than 1 Gender Male 43 34 18 17 33 145 Female 55 34 29 4 33 155 Total 98 68 47 21 66 300 55 females use blackberry while 43 males use blackberry therefore female s use more blackberry than males, in the case of I phone the ratio of both male and female are the same, for Samsung female s use Samsung more than males, males use Nokia more than females. Both male and female agree equally in using more than 1 mobile brand. Gen der * reservoir of knowledge Cross tabulation Count Source of knowledge Total TV ad Radio ad Newspaper ad Internet banner Word of mouth more than 1 medium Gender Male 25 9 12 52 13 34 145 Female 18 9 14 34 51 29 155 Total 43 18 26 86 64 63 300 This table above shows more male heard about their mobile through Television than women, an equal number of males and females heard about their brand through radio, while more females heard about their mobile brand through newspaper than males this is surprising cause it is only natural to think males are more interested in newspaper than females but reverse is the case. 52 males heard about their mobile through the internet banner and 34 for women, a very interesting part of this table shows that 51 females got to now about their mobile brand through word of mouth and only 13 males heard through word of mouth therefore it is safe to say women are likely to act upon what they hear more than men. More male got to know about their mobile bra nd through more than 1 of the mediums than females. RECOMMENDATION Mobile phone dealers should concentrating in stocking * Blackberry Z10 * Blackberry bold 4,5 and 6 * Blackberry torch 1, 2 and 3 * Blackberry curve 3 and 6 * Samsung S3 and S4 * A little of Nokia phones especially the touch light brand References

Analysis of the Human Attitude

analyze the Human Attitude Melissa Hightower November 19, 2012 PSY475 University of Phoenix Surveying the Human Attitude Attitude can be seen in many parts of a daily routine of an individual. The significance of measuring view has break down important in many atomic number 18as of our society. Employers want to step attitude of employees, while customers on the other side of the counter view att Attitude Survey The measure of attitudes is of great importance in a consumer driven economy, such as the one that exists in the United States today.Psychologists use attitude rafts to translate subjective attitudes of nation into empirical data. Attitudes themselves are distinguishable from interests and personality traits, in that attitudes are usually attached to an object (Hogan, 2007). The construct of attitude deportually encompasses the cognitive, affective, and behavioral thoughts, feelings, and actions that a person exhibits in reaction toor as a result ofan object. For the purposes of this paper I designed an attitude survey using a selected-response format that is build upon the precepts of the SERVQUAL approach to attitude assessment.The purpose of the survey is to assess the attitudes and intelligences that University of Phoenix (UOP) students exhibit at graduation about UOP itself. The intention of this paper is to discuss the design, administration, scoring, and interpretation of the survey as well as any issues I make loved while creating the survey. Design The target audience for this survey is UOP graduates that attended at least their intermediate and senior college years at UOP. The particular trait to be measured is the attitude that graduating students hold towards UOP after graduations.The survey should be administered electronically via the UOP student login varlet after graduation. There are 11 items in the survey and should take no more than 1-2 minutes to complete. I did this on purpose, because I know from experience that I hate taking long surveys when all I really wanted to do was log into UOP online. The survey uses the Likert case to measure attitude, with the possible answers of powerfully disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree with the corresponding scores of -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2, respectively. The score report is used to compile the individual scores into a descriptive format.The item stems are the assertions themselves and the responses are gauged through the Likert scale, otherwise known as the method of summated ratings (Hogan, 2007). The basic proposition of the Likert scale is that one attitudinal construct is at the basis of all of the items. All of the statements that I proposed are about the attitude of the graduate toward UOP and therefore addresses this concern. Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation The survey should be administered by UOP personnel and not the teachers. It would not do for the results of the survey to be skewed by the last class experience.This factor cannot be done away with absolutely, but it can be minimized by having the survey administered by UOP personnel rather than a teacher. Moreover, in a general sense the lower the score the slight the satisfaction and the higher the score the lower the satisfaction. The directivity of the scores are all in the same direction, meaning that a rating of strongly disagree always corresponds to a more unfavorable attitude toward UOP. However, it is important that the survey items be tried out on a large variety of students at UOP and the scores tabulated in advance.These scores will act as a means to convert the raw scores that will be collected when the tally is actually distributed on a large scale to normed scores, which are more useful for interpretation. For instance, if there is universal tendency to score one item extremely negative, then the raw scores of the actual test can be mediated to take into account this propensity. For the purposes of a general attitude survey negative scores reflect negative perceptions and thoughts about UOP and confirmatory scores the opposite.Issues Experienced While Creating Survey The SERVQUAL approach to attitude surveys is specifically designed for quantifying service quality and product satisfaction in the retail assiduity (Gob, 2007). As the SERVQUAL approach applies to this attitude survey, the main point of any survey is to ascertain the examinees expectations, perceptions and the gap between them. Therefore, I tried to design items to measure both(prenominal) the expectations of the UOP student as well as their perception of the item in question.This will increase the validity of the interpretation that lower scores equal less satisfaction and vice versa, since the items not only deal with the students actual perception, but their expectations as well. I also tried to encompass the entire spectrum of measurementscognitive, affective, and behavioralwhen considering the items to be administered. I am not comfortable with simple self-reported tests. They seem too subjective and too circumstantial. The items should gauge observable behavior, past feelings, and trustworthy thoughts about the construct being measured. ConclusionIn sum, the attitude survey that I created follows the Likert scale method to gauge the overall satisfaction of UOP students, with an emphasis on both the perception and expectation of the items. The survey also attempts to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of the construct being tested. The purpose of the survey was to ascertain the general attitude that UOP students have toward the University of Phoenix at graduation. References Gob, R. (2007). Ordinal methodology in the analysis of Likert scales. Quality & Quantity, 41(5),601-626. Retrieved July 24, 2010, from SocINDEX with Full Text database.

Reaction The Film And Your Name Is Jonah Essay

I watched the film And Your Name is Jonah. My initial reaction to this movie in the blood line was frustration. This boy was clearly not meant to be in a mental hospital for the mentally challenged. He had the full capabilities of a normal child and it was not so hard to see. I dont look how a child of his capabilities could be misdiagnosed as having mental problems when clearly the only specific he had was not hearing. It makes me so frustrate because a child who obviously had so much to say was trapped in his body without any way of expressing himself.As the movie continues, his p bents find out that he is deaf. His misdiagnosis had him in a mental institution which makes me question if this foreshadows or depicts how deaf state were treated before they are diagnosed. As if they were treated as if they were impaired. It feels like a violation and offensive to anyone that is deaf. I also felt controversial about the views of deaf people from ignorant hearing people and how ASL w as frowned upon. ASL is a form of dialogue. How else would deaf people communicate when the English language is taught to us from birth? Individuals who were born deaf cannot catch the English language like a hearing person. If sign language is so frowned upon how else would a born deaf person understand what is going on in the world. Jonahs parents farther along in the movie decided to get him hearing aids, but that only made the noise louder and it wasnt clear to what was being said still. The doctors even recommended lip reading because sign language was frowned upon.Even speech therapy failed. With all these signs of defeat, I felt very frustrated with Jonahs parents. Sign Language is the obvious answer. If your child cannot communicate with you and clearly sign language is the best option then learn and larn your child. It was the obvious choice that would help better communicate a parent with their child. If ASL was taught sooner to Jonah there wouldnt have been situations in the movie where communication was essential. For sample, when Jonah was being yelled at from a car to get out of the road. He could hear led to him falling off his bike. Another example is when Jonah couldnt understand that Spiderman was a good guy. He ended up putting his brothers Spiderman in the oven to get unfreeze of him. Miscommunication between Jonah and his brother resulted in this. Another example is when Jonahs grandfather gets a heart attack and died. Jonah didnt understand and searched for him after the funeral because no one could explain to him what was going on. Finally, when Jonah got lost and was taken to a hospital by a police officerthe doctors and nurses suasion he was dangerous and crazy. Another example of miscommunication.

Monitor Complience with Legislative Requirements

A. monitoring device complience with legislative requirements Understanding the principles on how to monitor complience with the legislative requirements monitor complience with legislative requirements Understanding the principles on how to monitor complience with the legislative requirements 1. explain the basic principles of popular f channeliseish 2. state the cognitive operations for rout of consignment to the consignee forwards the general mediocre plowsh atomic number 18 has been assessed. 3. tate briefly the basic statutory regulations such as deprave none of hand convention, inter dry landalist convention and prevention of pollution at sea, STCW convention, ILO convention, SOLAS Convention, ISM code, ISPS code, geneva Conventions of 1958 and the join Nation Convention (UNCLOS) on the Law of the Sea, PMMRR, R. A. 8544, etc. how conformance is controlled and consequences of their non-compliance. 4. enumerate the different organizations, offices and authorities e ngaged in various controlled activities on watercrafts (classification societies, gladiola and way state, inspections, etc. 5. enumerate at least ten (10) different mandatory certifications, documents and records required of a moneymaking(prenominal) vessel, and the implications of their absence. 1. ) The law of general average is a profound principle of maritime law according to which completely parties in a sea venture pro expressionion aloney share any going awayes resulting from a voluntary sacrifice of part of the ship or burden to save the whole in an emergency. In the exigencies of hazards faced at sea, crew members frequently take up unique little time in which to determine precisely whose consignment they are jettisoning.Thus, to avoid quarrelling that could waste valuable time, in that respect arose the equitable practice whereby exclusively the merchants whose lode landed safely would be c each(prenominal)ed on to contribute a portion, based upon a share or percentage, to the merchant or merchants whose goods had been tossed either(prenominal)placeboard to avert impending peril. While general average traces its origins in ancient maritime law, still it remains part of the admiralty law of around countries. The first codification of general average was the York Antwerp Rules of 1890. Ameri abide companies accepted it in 1949.General average requires three elements which are clearly stated by Mr. Justice Grier in Barnard v. Adams 1st. A honey coer hazard a danger in which vessel, pack and crew all participate a danger close and apparently inevitable, except by voluntarily incur the loss of a portion of the whole to save the remainder. 2nd. There must be a voluntary jettison, jactus, or casting away, of whatsoever portion of the common bushel for the purpose of avoiding this imminent peril, periculi imminentis evitandi causa, or, in other words, a transfer of the peril from the whole to a particular portion of the who le. 3rd. This attempt to avoid the imminent common peril must be successful. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/General_average 2. ) RELEASE OF CARGO WITHOUT PRESENTATION OF THE CORRECT DOCUMENTATION There has been a noticeable increase in the vile or in go down acquit of cargo, associated with one of the following release methods a) Countries that require trade cargo to contend immediately under the control of their impost receipts, who thusly sign on the responsibility for its release. ) Countries with regulation that permits the release of cargo without the entry of the received throwaway of shipment. c) Authorisation by the toters operator to release cargo without the permission of the shipper or the effr of the original bill of lading. There has been considerable c everywhereage regarding the delivery of containerised cargo to localizations such as Chile and Paraguay, whereby their customs service takes immediate control of the cargo and subsequently release it, o ften without presentation of the original bill of lading.Signum has recently encountered two blank spaces whereby fraudsters have manipulated legislation that allows Customs, without touch onation with the carriers agent, to release cargo without presentation of the original bill of lading. 1. The Dominican Republic legislation stipulates that a carrier must deliver all cargo to the Dominican Port Authority/Customs with the carriers liability ceasing at the point of entry. Cargo can be released upon presentation of the original bill of lading, accompanied by the mercantile invoice.In the absence of an original bill of lading, a stupefy to the value of the cargo, issued by a bona fide bank or restitution company, is acceptable. The bond indemnifies any party against a loss that may occur as a result of the of the cargo being released. Neither the carrier nor their agent adoptfully to be made aware of such a bond. Signum was asked to enquire into a matter that involved a consig nee who secured the release of his cargo by nub of an insurance bond and then disappeared, having failed to bear renderment for the cargo.Initially, the insurance company, who had supposedly issued the bond to the consignee, maintained that they could not account for itsexistence, suggesting that it had been double-dealingly issued. Enquiries revealed that a member of their staff, who was authorize to issue such bonds, had done so on the instructions of her ex-supervisor and a Customs Agent. When these two parties were interviewed, they denied the clerks version of events. The Dominican Republic legislation stipulates that provided an important person issued the bond, it protects any party who suffered a loss, which applied in this instance.This allowed the shipper to lodge a claim against the insurance company for the loss of the cargo. 2. A same situation occurred when perishable cargo was released in Suape, Brazil, without presentation of the original bill of lading. The consignee made a fraudulent application to a courtroom under the nutriment of the Brazilian Importation Legislation on perishable goods to secure the cargos release. He alleged that the shipper had reneged on a contract that allowed him to partly pay for the cargo prior to its receipt and then pay the outstanding amount by instalments.Due to the shippers refusal to release the cargo under the terms of the contract and his innovation to re-ship it would eccentric him an irreplaceable loss. The court accepted this submission without seeking the view of the carriers agent and ordered the release of the cargo against security lodged with the court in the form of deeds to a property owned by a third party. After obtaining custody of the cargo, the consignee attended the court and produced a fraudulent document, demonstrate that the shipper acknowledged the payment agreement.This shaked the court to cancel the security and return the deeds of the property. The court application and p ayment agreement were shown to be fraudulent and that the consignee had connected comparable frauds. The alone action that could be taken was to notify Customs and the law enforcement agency of this persons activities. A more(prenominal) serious confines of work that continues to reasonableness concern is where carriers agents disregard their legal responsibility in respect of the notified release instructions and authorise a party to receive their cargo without presentation of the correct documentation.This lack of judgement is all too often influenced by their close association with the consignee or their agent, with whom they have no legal obligation. Such releases can cause serious financial implications to the other parties. The general methods used to secure the release of cargo are 1. The consignee/agent promises to present the original bill of lading at a later date. 2. The production of a consignee/agents letter of credit. 3. Bank reference fixing sufficient funds e xist in the consignees account. 4. The presentation of a forged document.Signum was asked to enquire into the activities of an agency, whereby it appeared that everyplace a period of time some 150 containers laden with cargo had been released in non-compliance to their release procedure. This procedure required both the Shipping Manager and some other member of staff to authorise the release of containers, upon production of the correct documentation. The Shipping Manager, collectable to his place and guile, was able, oer several months, to authorise the release of these containers without complying with the agencies directive. Only when it became impossible for him to continue to deceive others as to his actions, did he decamp.Prevention is simple. If the original bill of lading is not produced, or there is doubt as to whether it is genuine, then advice should be sought from the issuer of the document. If the matter cannot be resolved satisfactorily and safely, assistance shou ld be obtained from the Clubs topical anesthetic correspondents or the Members usual contact at the Club. Signum is always available to investigate serious cases. http//www. ukpandi. com/fileadmin/up commits/uk-pi/LP%20Documents/Signum_Reports/Signum%20release%20of%20Cargo. pdf 3. ) USCG point marches Regulations and Policies (46 CFR parts 4247) 46 USC chapter 51) Overview The principal slide reserve office responsible for pervert roue regulations and policy is the Naval Architecture Division (CG-ENG-2). In general, most commercialized U. S. vessels that are 79 feet (24 m) in duration or longer (or more than 150 gross tons if strengthened before 1 Jan 1988 on domestic voyages, or built before 21 Jul 1968 if on foreign voyages) must have a reasonable onus simple eye security measure when venturing outside the U. S. Boundary Line, whether on a domestic or international voyage. domesticated voyages are coastwise, offshore, or high seas voyages that return directly to a U. S. ort (including voyages to nowhere). There are a few peculiar(a) categories of vessels excluded from load note requirements. For example, menial rider vessels (i. e. , less than 100 gross tons) that only do work on domestic voyages are excluded. Refer to 46 USC 5102 for vessel pertinence specifics. IMPORTANT NOTE CONCERNING U. S. FISHING VESSELS Previously, all U. S. seek vessels were statutorily excluded from domestic load line regulations, regardless of size or distance (although some angle vessels that as well process their catch beyond certain stages are required to obtain load lines).However, in the Coast Guard Authorization process of 2010, social intercourse revoked that exclusion for new search vessels built on/ aft(prenominal) July 1st, 2012. Subsequently, in the Coast Guard and Marine Transportation Act of 2012 (signed into law on 20 Dec 2012), Congress postponed the load line compliance date to July 1st, 2013. Consequently, fishing vessels built on/after 1 July 2013, that are 79 feet or longer, and that engage outside the Boundary Line, are required to have a load line. Load line assignment includes pre-construction polish and approval of plans by the designation ascendance.Therefore, after 1 July 2013, fishing vessel designers/builders who intend to re-use construction plans for previously-built fishing vessels are cautioned that the plans might not comply with all load line requirements. If the owner intends to operate the new vessel outside the Boundary Line, then designers/builders are advised to submit the plans to the naming authority in a timely fashion. alive fishing vessels (i. e. , built before 1 July 2013) remain exempted from load lines for the time being.However, they testament eventually have to meet the requirements of an alternate load line compliance programme to ensure their continued fittingness beyond a certain age. The guard duty requirements for this alternate program, and the age at which the fishing vessels will need to comply, will be developed in cooperation with the commercial fishing industry and established by future regulation. (Built for these purposes means the date on which the vessels keel is laid, or the assembled encumbrance of the vessel is at least 50 metric tons (49. long tons) or one percent of the estimated mass of all structural material, whichever is less. ) How is load line length measured? Where is the Boundary Line? Purpose of Load Line Assignment The purpose of load line assignment is to ensure the seaworthiness of the entire (undamaged) vessel. This is accomplished by Ensuring a robust hull that can withstand severe sea conditions (i. e. , structural design, construction, and maintenance) Ensuring weathertight & watertight integrity (i. e. , coamings exposed doors, hatches, hull valves, etc, are in good working condition) Ensuring that the vessel has reserve buoyancy and is not overloaded (by limiting the maximum loaded draft) Ensuring that the vessel h as adequate stability for all loading & operating conditions (by approved stability documentation & instructions) Ensuring rapid drainage of water on pad (boarding seas) (by adequate arrangement of freeing ports in bulwarks) Ensuring safe device of crew while working on deck (by increased freeboard to reduce boarding seas, guardrails) Ensuring that modifications to vessel do not compromise seaworthiness (modifications must be approved by LL assigning authority) Periodic inspections (afloat and drydocked) to keep in line that the above are properly maintained (by LL assigning authority) Obtaining a Load Line world-wide load line certificates are issued to vessels that meet the requirements of the IMO International Convention on Load Lines (ICLL) ICLL certificates are required on U. S. vessels that go on voyages to foreign ports or waters. Domestic load line certificates are issued to vessels that meet the requirements of U. S. load line regulations (which are found in 46 CFR Su bchapter E).With minor exceptions, the U. S. requirements for an un determineed domestic load line (suitable for high seas voyages) are the same as the requirements for an international ICLL load line. For this reason, an ICLL certificate is acceptable in lieu of a domestic certificate. Load line certificates (domestic or ICLL) are issued on behalf of the united States by the American Bureau of Shipping or one of several other USCG-approved classification societies. The choice of assigning authority is made by the vessel owner/operator.The Coast Guard itself does not issue load lines other than a single voyage right certificate. In order to be issued a load line (whether domestic or international ICLL), the vessel must be constructed to meet the load line requirements. This entails pre-construction review and approval of the vessels design by the assigning authority. Surveyors then periodically visit the shipyard to verify that it is being constructed according to the approved de sign. Upon completion of construction, the vessel is devoted so that its stability documents can be approved and issued.The freeboard assignment is calculated, and the load line marks are inscribed on the hull. Upon final verification that all of these step have been properly accomplished, the vessel is issued a load line certificate. A load line certificate is normally issued for a 5-year term, subject to one-year topside surveys to verify that hatch covers, doors, vent covers, and other critical closures are in good working condition, and that there have not been any damage or unauthorised modifications that would compromise the vessels seaworthiness.At the end of the 5-year term, the vessel must be drydocked to inspect the underwater hull, seachests and valves, etc, before a new certificate can be issued. Load Line Enforcement and Violations U. S. vessel owners and operators are subject to fines and penalties if a vessel is overloaded such that the load line marks are submerge d, or the vessel is operated in impact of any restrictions on its certificate. Penalties are set forth in 46 USC 5116. Foreign vessels in U. S. waters are required to have a valid international (ICLL) load line certificate.A foreign vessel may be detained in port if the Coast Guard determines that it is overloaded, or unseaworthy due to short condition. The vessel wont be released to depart until the deficiencies have been corrected excess cargo is offloaded, repairs have been made and a surveyor from the assigning authority has attended the vessel to confirm its compliance with ICLL regulations. 4. ) BP Shipping safeships On the face of it, BP Shipping is one of the safesttanker operators around, regularly achieving topquartile gum elastic results in the industry and rarelymaking headlines for the wrong reasons.But as the organizations draw has grown rapidly to more than 80 vessels to mean solar day, so the realization has spreadthat truly world-class safety surgical procedure is well-nigh more than lowering headline safety numbers or beating industry benchmarks. For safety performance to really move to a new level, it has to become self sustaining and therefore sustainable. daylight in, day out, the safety message has to be made and remade so that it becomes engrained at every level everywhere, in every action, in every decision and in every way.The entire organization has to be safety empowered and constantly on the lookout for new hazards, says Dave Williamson, director of fleet operations for BP Shipping. Were set- moxie to make the turn towards constant improvement and the sort of restless state of mind that we need, but there is still some way to go. In the past, most wildness has been put on numbers and performance based on days away from work case incidents, lost time injuries, near misses, cover spills and other serious incidents. These performance matrices continue to be monitored very closely and show continuous improvement.But now the pu sh is on to move safety performance to another level, motivated in no small measure by a fear that some of the cultural and operational factors that led to the Texas City refinery effusion in 2005 might be present in some parts of BP Shippings activities. The key to this has been to get everyone in the organization to think about safety in a new way, one that focuses on experience, leadership, training, processes and relationships rather than numbers. Intrinsic to this more open approach is the importance of driving safety back into the line to people with asset focussing capability.In parallel, new emphasis is being placed on safety leadership on vessels and ashore to engender a stronger comprehend of inclusiveness and team bonding around safety behaviour. Safety is not just about trips or falls. Its about exactly the same things you also need to achieve great operational performance and the same motivations that give us the continuous drive to have the best people, processes, equipment and leadership. Williamson concludes At the moment were not able to say were the best, we still have areas where we believe there is significant room for improvement.But the best is a relative state and safety is a never ending journey. Mysense is that weve made significant changes andadvances in the past couple of years. Measuring safety All injuries by activity, October 2006 All injuries by location onboard, October 2006 other 23 % Office work 2% Cargo operations 2% Shipyard 5% Navigating 2% Engine operations 9% Bunkering 7% keep 36% Mooring 7% Drills and exercises 2% Domestic 5% Other 6% Enclosed space 2% Steering gear 2% livestock populate 6% Bridge 2% Engine room 41% Mooring areas 4%Lifeboat Accommodation 11% embarkation 4% Main deck 22 % Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing The crew of the Coast Guard Cutter Rush escorts the suspected high seas drift meshwork fishing vessel Da Cheng in the North Pacific Ocean on August 14, 2012. Photo Credit U. S . Coast Guard Liberian fishery observers toured a shrimp vessel as part of the two-week observer training program supported by NOAA Fisheries to invade IUU fishing. IUU fishing is a global problem that threatens ocean ecosystems and sustainable fisheries.IUU products often come from fisheries lacking the strong and effective preservation and care measures to which U. S. fishermen are subject. IUU fishing most often violates conservation and management measures, such as quotas or by-catch limits, established under international agreements. By adversely impacting fisheries, marine ecosystems, food security and coastal communities around the world, IUU fishing undermines domestic and international conservation and management efforts. Furthermore, IUU fishing risks the sustainability of a multi-billion-dollar U. S. industry.NOAAs Role in Combating IUU Fishing Because the United States imports more than 80 percent of its seafood, NOAA Fisheries is working to ensure that high expect f or imported seafood does not create incentives for illegal fishing activity. Working in partnership with other U. S. Government agencies, foreign governments and entities, international organizations, non-government organizations, and the private sector is pivotal to in effect combating IUU fishing. We work with other fishing nations to strengthen enforcement and data collection programs around the world aimed at curtailing IUU fishing.We have put measures in place to restrict port entry and access to port services to vessels included on the IUU lists of international fisheries organizations with U. S. membership. For recent news on IUU fishing, visit our IUU stories page. In addition, U. S. legislation allows us to take action on our own. The Magnuson-Stevens Reauthorization Act, which amends the High Seas Driftnet Fishing Moratorium Protection Act, requires NOAA to identify countries that have fishing vessels engaged in IUU activities. Once a nation has been identified, we consul t with the nation to encourage appropriate corrective action.If the identified nation receives a negative certification, we can impose trade restrictions on that nation. The Lacey Act also provides the United States with the authority to impose significant sanctions against individuals and companies engaged in trafficking illegally taken fish and wildlife. Learn more about action NOAA is taking to combat IUU fishing. For more information or questions on IUU fishing, please visit our frequently asked questions page or contact David Pearl (david. emailprotected gov). 5. ) passenger ship safety certificate for all passenger ships cargo ship safety radio certificate for cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or natural gas carriers and swelled commercial yachts over 300gt on international voyages only cargo ship safety equipment certificate for cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 500gt on international voyages only cargo ship safety construction certificate for cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 500gt on international voyages only cargo ship safety certificate for cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 300gt load line certificate for passenger ships in non-UK waters, cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 24 metres in length (if built on or after 21 July 1968) or of more than 150gt and for passenger ships in UK waters over 80 net tonnes oil pollution prevention certificate for fishing vessels, passenger ships, cargo ships, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 400gt and oil tankers over 150gt nominal safe manning document certificate for passenger ships, cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 500gt safety management certificate for all passenger ships and for cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 500gt ship security certificate for passenger ships, cargo ships oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts on international voyages only sewage pollution certificate for fishing vessels, passenger ships, cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts of 400gt or more, or carrying 15 persons or more on international voyages only air pollution certificate for fishing vessels, passenger ships, cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial achts of 400gt or more anti-fouling promulgation for fishing vessels under 24 metres in length or of less than 400gt anti-fouling certificate for fishing vessels, passenger ships, cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts of 400gt or more certificate of fitness (chemical or gas) certificate for all chemical tankers or gas carriers dangerous goods certificate for passenger ships built after 1 September 1984, and for cargo ships after a certain date of build on international voyages only certificate of compliance for a large charter yacht for all large passenger yachts UK fishing vessel certificate for fishing vessels between 15 and 24 metres in length international fishing vessel certificate for fishing vessels over 24 metres in length small commercial vessel certificate for vaporize boats and small commercial vessels under 24 metres in length certificate of registry mandatory for all fishing vessels, optional for pilot boats and small commercial vessels international tonnage for fishing vessels under 24 metres in lengthMonitor Complience with Legislative RequirementsA. monitor complience with legislative requirements Understanding the principles on how to monitor complience with the legislative requirements monitor complience with legislative requirements Understandin g the principles on how to monitor complience with the legislative requirements 1. explain the basic principles of general average 2. state the procedures for release of cargo to the consignee before the general average contribution has been assessed. 3. tate briefly the basic statutory regulations such as load line convention, international convention and prevention of pollution at sea, STCW convention, ILO convention, SOLAS Convention, ISM code, ISPS code, GENEVA Conventions of 1958 and the United Nation Convention (UNCLOS) on the Law of the Sea, PMMRR, R. A. 8544, etc. how compliance is controlled and consequences of their non-compliance. 4. enumerate the different organizations, offices and authorities engaged in various controlled activities on vessels (classification societies, flag and port state, inspections, etc. 5. enumerate at least ten (10) different mandatory certificates, documents and records required of a commercial vessel, and the implications of their absence. 1. ) The law of general average is a legal principle of maritime law according to which all parties in a sea venture proportionally share any losses resulting from a voluntary sacrifice of part of the ship or cargo to save the whole in an emergency. In the exigencies of hazards faced at sea, crew members often have precious little time in which to determine precisely whose cargo they are jettisoning.Thus, to avoid quarrelling that could waste valuable time, there arose the equitable practice whereby all the merchants whose cargo landed safely would be called on to contribute a portion, based upon a share or percentage, to the merchant or merchants whose goods had been tossed overboard to avert imminent peril. While general average traces its origins in ancient maritime law, still it remains part of the admiralty law of most countries. The first codification of general average was the York Antwerp Rules of 1890. American companies accepted it in 1949.General average requires three elemen ts which are clearly stated by Mr. Justice Grier in Barnard v. Adams 1st. A common danger a danger in which vessel, cargo and crew all participate a danger imminent and apparently inevitable, except by voluntarily incurring the loss of a portion of the whole to save the remainder. 2nd. There must be a voluntary jettison, jactus, or casting away, of some portion of the joint concern for the purpose of avoiding this imminent peril, periculi imminentis evitandi causa, or, in other words, a transfer of the peril from the whole to a particular portion of the whole. 3rd. This attempt to avoid the imminent common peril must be successful. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/General_average 2. ) RELEASE OF CARGO WITHOUT PRESENTATION OF THE CORRECT DOCUMENTATION There has been a noticeable increase in the unlawful or incorrect release of cargo, associated with one of the following release methods a) Countries that require imported cargo to come immediately under the control of their Customs servi ce, who then take on the responsibility for its release. ) Countries with legislation that permits the release of cargo without the presentation of the original bill of lading. c) Authorisation by the carriers agent to release cargo without the permission of the shipper or the issuer of the original bill of lading. There has been considerable coverage regarding the delivery of containerised cargo to locations such as Chile and Paraguay, whereby their Customs service takes immediate control of the cargo and subsequently release it, often without presentation of the original bill of lading.Signum has recently encountered two situations whereby fraudsters have manipulated legislation that allows Customs, without quotation with the carriers agent, to release cargo without presentation of the original bill of lading. 1. The Dominican Republic legislation stipulates that a carrier must deliver all cargo to the Dominican Port Authority/Customs with the carriers liability ceasing at the po int of entry. Cargo can be released upon presentation of the original bill of lading, accompanied by the commercial invoice.In the absence of an original bill of lading, a bond to the value of the cargo, issued by a bona fide bank or insurance company, is acceptable. The bond indemnifies any party against a loss that may occur as a result of the of the cargo being released. Neither the carrier nor their agent needs to be made aware of such a bond. Signum was asked to enquire into a matter that involved a consignee who secured the release of his cargo by means of an insurance bond and then disappeared, having failed to make payment for the cargo.Initially, the insurance company, who had supposedly issued the bond to the consignee, maintained that they could not account for itsexistence, suggesting that it had been fraudulently issued. Enquiries revealed that a member of their staff, who was authorised to issue such bonds, had done so on the instructions of her ex-supervisor and a Cus toms Agent. When these two parties were interviewed, they denied the clerks version of events. The Dominican Republic legislation stipulates that provided an authorised person issued the bond, it protects any party who suffered a loss, which applied in this instance.This allowed the shipper to lodge a claim against the insurance company for the loss of the cargo. 2. A similar situation occurred when perishable cargo was released in Suape, Brazil, without presentation of the original bill of lading. The consignee made a fraudulent application to a court under the provisions of the Brazilian Importation Legislation on perishable goods to secure the cargos release. He alleged that the shipper had reneged on a contract that allowed him to partly pay for the cargo prior to its receipt and then pay the outstanding amount by instalments.Due to the shippers refusal to release the cargo under the terms of the contract and his intention to re-ship it would cause him an irreplaceable loss. The court accepted this submission without seeking the view of the carriers agent and ordered the release of the cargo against security lodged with the court in the form of deeds to a property owned by a third party. After obtaining custody of the cargo, the consignee attended the court and produced a fraudulent document, showing that the shipper acknowledged the payment agreement.This caused the court to cancel the security and return the deeds of the property. The court application and payment agreement were shown to be fraudulent and that the consignee had committed similar frauds. The only action that could be taken was to notify Customs and the law enforcement agency of this persons activities. A more serious problem that continues to cause concern is where carriers agents disregard their legal responsibility in respect of the notified release instructions and authorise a party to receive their cargo without presentation of the correct documentation.This lack of judgement is all t oo often influenced by their close association with the consignee or their agent, with whom they have no legal obligation. Such releases can cause serious financial implications to the other parties. The general methods used to secure the release of cargo are 1. The consignee/agent promises to present the original bill of lading at a later date. 2. The production of a consignee/agents letter of credit. 3. Bank reference confirming sufficient funds exist in the consignees account. 4. The presentation of a forged document.Signum was asked to enquire into the activities of an agency, whereby it appeared that over a period of time some 150 containers laden with cargo had been released in non-compliance to their release procedure. This procedure required both the Shipping Manager and another member of staff to authorise the release of containers, upon production of the correct documentation. The Shipping Manager, due to his status and guile, was able, over several months, to authorise th e release of these containers without complying with the agencies directive. Only when it became impossible for him to continue to deceive others as to his actions, did he decamp.Prevention is simple. If the original bill of lading is not produced, or there is doubt as to whether it is genuine, then advice should be sought from the issuer of the document. If the matter cannot be resolved satisfactorily and safely, assistance should be obtained from the Clubs local correspondents or the Members usual contact at the Club. Signum is always available to investigate serious cases. http//www. ukpandi. com/fileadmin/uploads/uk-pi/LP%20Documents/Signum_Reports/Signum%20release%20of%20Cargo. pdf 3. ) USCG Load Line Regulations and Policies (46 CFR parts 4247) 46 USC chapter 51) Overview The principal Coast Guard office responsible for load line regulations and policy is the Naval Architecture Division (CG-ENG-2). In general, most commercial U. S. vessels that are 79 feet (24 m) in length or longer (or more than 150 gross tons if built before 1 Jan 1988 on domestic voyages, or built before 21 Jul 1968 if on foreign voyages) must have a valid load line certificate when venturing outside the U. S. Boundary Line, whether on a domestic or international voyage. Domestic voyages are coastwise, offshore, or high seas voyages that return directly to a U. S. ort (including voyages to nowhere). There are a few limited categories of vessels excluded from load line requirements. For example, small passenger vessels (i. e. , less than 100 gross tons) that only operate on domestic voyages are excluded. Refer to 46 USC 5102 for vessel applicability specifics. IMPORTANT NOTE CONCERNING U. S. FISHING VESSELS Previously, all U. S. fishing vessels were statutorily excluded from domestic load line regulations, regardless of size or length (although some fishing vessels that also process their catch beyond certain stages are required to obtain load lines).However, in the Coast Guard Authori zation Act of 2010, Congress revoked that exclusion for new fishing vessels built on/after July 1st, 2012. Subsequently, in the Coast Guard and Marine Transportation Act of 2012 (signed into law on 20 Dec 2012), Congress postponed the load line compliance date to July 1st, 2013. Consequently, fishing vessels built on/after 1 July 2013, that are 79 feet or longer, and that operate outside the Boundary Line, are required to have a load line. Load line assignment includes pre-construction review and approval of plans by the assigning authority.Therefore, after 1 July 2013, fishing vessel designers/builders who intend to re-use construction plans for previously-built fishing vessels are cautioned that the plans might not comply with all load line requirements. If the owner intends to operate the new vessel outside the Boundary Line, then designers/builders are advised to submit the plans to the assigning authority in a timely fashion. Existing fishing vessels (i. e. , built before 1 Jul y 2013) remain exempted from load lines for the time being.However, they will eventually have to meet the requirements of an alternate load line compliance program to ensure their continued seaworthiness beyond a certain age. The safety requirements for this alternate program, and the age at which the fishing vessels will need to comply, will be developed in cooperation with the commercial fishing industry and established by future regulation. (Built for these purposes means the date on which the vessels keel is laid, or the assembled weight of the vessel is at least 50 metric tons (49. long tons) or one percent of the estimated mass of all structural material, whichever is less. ) How is load line length measured? Where is the Boundary Line? Purpose of Load Line Assignment The purpose of load line assignment is to ensure the seaworthiness of the intact (undamaged) vessel. This is accomplished by Ensuring a robust hull that can withstand severe sea conditions (i. e. , structural des ign, construction, and maintenance) Ensuring weathertight & watertight integrity (i. e. , coamings exposed doors, hatches, hull valves, etc, are in good working condition) Ensuring that the vessel has reserve buoyancy and is not overloaded (by limiting the maximum loaded draft) Ensuring that the vessel has adequate stability for all loading & operating conditions (by approved stability documentation & instructions) Ensuring rapid drainage of water on deck (boarding seas) (by adequate arrangement of freeing ports in bulwarks) Ensuring safety of crew while working on deck (by increased freeboard to reduce boarding seas, guardrails) Ensuring that modifications to vessel do not compromise seaworthiness (modifications must be approved by LL assigning authority) Periodic inspections (afloat and drydocked) to verify that the above are properly maintained (by LL assigning authority) Obtaining a Load Line International load line certificates are issued to vessels that meet the requirements o f the IMO International Convention on Load Lines (ICLL) ICLL certificates are required on U. S. vessels that go on voyages to foreign ports or waters. Domestic load line certificates are issued to vessels that meet the requirements of U. S. load line regulations (which are found in 46 CFR Subchapter E).With minor exceptions, the U. S. requirements for an unrestricted domestic load line (suitable for high seas voyages) are the same as the requirements for an international ICLL load line. For this reason, an ICLL certificate is acceptable in lieu of a domestic certificate. Load line certificates (domestic or ICLL) are issued on behalf of the United States by the American Bureau of Shipping or one of several other USCG-approved classification societies. The choice of assigning authority is made by the vessel owner/operator.The Coast Guard itself does not issue load lines other than a single voyage exemption certificate. In order to be issued a load line (whether domestic or internatio nal ICLL), the vessel must be constructed to meet the load line requirements. This entails pre-construction review and approval of the vessels design by the assigning authority. Surveyors then periodically visit the shipyard to verify that it is being constructed according to the approved design. Upon completion of construction, the vessel is inclined so that its stability documents can be approved and issued.The freeboard assignment is calculated, and the load line marks are inscribed on the hull. Upon final verification that all of these steps have been properly accomplished, the vessel is issued a load line certificate. A load line certificate is normally issued for a 5-year term, subject to annual topside surveys to verify that hatch covers, doors, vent covers, and other critical closures are in good working condition, and that there have not been any damage or unauthorized modifications that would compromise the vessels seaworthiness.At the end of the 5-year term, the vessel mu st be drydocked to inspect the underwater hull, seachests and valves, etc, before a new certificate can be issued. Load Line Enforcement and Violations U. S. vessel owners and operators are subject to fines and penalties if a vessel is overloaded such that the load line marks are submerged, or the vessel is operated in violation of any restrictions on its certificate. Penalties are set forth in 46 USC 5116. Foreign vessels in U. S. waters are required to have a valid international (ICLL) load line certificate.A foreign vessel may be detained in port if the Coast Guard determines that it is overloaded, or unseaworthy due to poor condition. The vessel wont be released to depart until the deficiencies have been corrected excess cargo is offloaded, repairs have been made and a surveyor from the assigning authority has attended the vessel to confirm its compliance with ICLL regulations. 4. ) BP Shipping safeships On the face of it, BP Shipping is one of the safesttanker operators around, regularly achieving topquartile safety results in the industry and rarelymaking headlines for the wrong reasons.But as the organizations fleet has grown rapidly to more than 80 vessels today, so the realization has spreadthat truly world-class safety performance is about more than lowering headline safety numbers or beating industry benchmarks. For safety performance to really move to a new level, it has to become self sustaining and therefore sustainable. Day in, day out, the safety message has to be made and remade so that it becomes engrained at every level everywhere, in every action, in every decision and in every way.The entire organization has to be safety empowered and constantly on the lookout for new hazards, says Dave Williamson, director of fleet operations for BP Shipping. Were beginning to make the turn towards constant improvement and the sort of restless state of mind that we need, but there is still some way to go. In the past, most emphasis has been put on number s and performance based on days away from work case incidents, lost time injuries, near misses, oil spills and other serious incidents. These performance matrices continue to be monitored very closely and show continuous improvement.But now the push is on to move safety performance to another level, motivated in no small measure by a fear that some of the cultural and operational factors that led to the Texas City refinery explosion in 2005 might be present in some parts of BP Shippings activities. The key to this has been to get everyone in the organization to think about safety in a new way, one that focuses on experience, leadership, training, processes and relationships rather than numbers. Intrinsic to this more open approach is the importance of driving safety back into the line to people with asset management capability.In parallel, new emphasis is being placed on safety leadership on vessels and ashore to engender a stronger sense of inclusiveness and team bonding around sa fety behaviour. Safety is not just about trips or falls. Its about exactly the same things you also need to achieve great operational performance and the same motivations that give us the continuous drive to have the best people, processes, equipment and leadership. Williamson concludes At the moment were not able to say were the best, we still have areas where we believe there is significant room for improvement.But the best is a relative state and safety is a never ending journey. Mysense is that weve made significant changes andadvances in the past couple of years. Measuring safety All injuries by activity, October 2006 All injuries by location onboard, October 2006 Other 23 % Office work 2% Cargo operations 2% Shipyard 5% Navigating 2% Engine operations 9% Bunkering 7% Maintenance 36% Mooring 7% Drills and exercises 2% Domestic 5% Other 6% Enclosed space 2% Steering gear 2% Store rooms 6% Bridge 2% Engine room 41% Mooring areas 4%Lifeboat Accommodation 11% embarkation 4% Main deck 22 % Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing The crew of the Coast Guard Cutter Rush escorts the suspected high seas drift net fishing vessel Da Cheng in the North Pacific Ocean on August 14, 2012. Photo Credit U. S. Coast Guard Liberian fishery observers toured a shrimp vessel as part of the two-week observer training program supported by NOAA Fisheries to combat IUU fishing. IUU fishing is a global problem that threatens ocean ecosystems and sustainable fisheries.IUU products often come from fisheries lacking the strong and effective conservation and management measures to which U. S. fishermen are subject. IUU fishing most often violates conservation and management measures, such as quotas or bycatch limits, established under international agreements. By adversely impacting fisheries, marine ecosystems, food security and coastal communities around the world, IUU fishing undermines domestic and international conservation and management efforts. Furthermore, IUU fis hing risks the sustainability of a multi-billion-dollar U. S. industry.NOAAs Role in Combating IUU Fishing Because the United States imports more than 80 percent of its seafood, NOAA Fisheries is working to ensure that high demand for imported seafood does not create incentives for illegal fishing activity. Working in partnership with other U. S. Government agencies, foreign governments and entities, international organizations, non-government organizations, and the private sector is crucial to effectively combating IUU fishing. We work with other fishing nations to strengthen enforcement and data collection programs around the world aimed at curtailing IUU fishing.We have put measures in place to restrict port entry and access to port services to vessels included on the IUU lists of international fisheries organizations with U. S. membership. For recent news on IUU fishing, visit our IUU stories page. In addition, U. S. legislation allows us to take action on our own. The Magnuson- Stevens Reauthorization Act, which amends the High Seas Driftnet Fishing Moratorium Protection Act, requires NOAA to identify countries that have fishing vessels engaged in IUU activities. Once a nation has been identified, we consult with the nation to encourage appropriate corrective action.If the identified nation receives a negative certification, we can impose trade restrictions on that nation. The Lacey Act also provides the United States with the authority to impose significant sanctions against individuals and companies engaged in trafficking illegally taken fish and wildlife. Learn more about action NOAA is taking to combat IUU fishing. For more information or questions on IUU fishing, please visit our frequently asked questions page or contact David Pearl (david. emailprotected gov). 5. ) passenger ship safety certificate for all passenger ships cargo ship safety radio certificate for cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 300gt on international voyages only cargo ship safety equipment certificate for cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 500gt on international voyages only cargo ship safety construction certificate for cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 500gt on international voyages only cargo ship safety certificate for cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 300gt load line certificate for passenger ships in non-UK waters, cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 24 metres in length (if built on or after 21 July 1968) or of more than 150gt and for passenger ships in UK waters over 80 net tonnes oil pollution prevention certificate for fishing vessels, passenger ships, cargo ships, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 400gt and oil tankers over 150gt minimum safe manning document certificate for passenger ships, cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 500gt safety management certificate for all passenger ships and for cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts over 500gt ship security certificate for passenger ships, cargo ships oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts on international voyages only sewage pollution certificate for fishing vessels, passenger ships, cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts of 400gt or more, or carrying 15 persons or more on international voyages only air pollution certificate for fishing vessels, passenger ships, cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial achts of 400gt or more anti-fouling declaration for fishing vessels under 24 metres in length or of less than 400gt anti-fouling certificate for fishing vessels, passenger ships, cargo ships, oil tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers and large commercial yachts of 400gt or more certificate of fitness (chemical or gas) certificate for all chemical tankers or gas carriers dangerous goods certificate for passenger ships built after 1 September 1984, and for cargo ships after a certain date of build on international voyages only certificate of compliance for a large charter yacht for all large passenger yachts UK fishing vessel certificate for fishing vessels between 15 and 24 metres in length international fishing vessel certificate for fishing vessels over 24 metres in length small commercial vessel certificate for pilot boats and small commercial vessels under 24 metres in length certificate of registry mandatory for all fishing vessels, optional for pilot boats and small commercial vessels international tonnage for fishing vessels under 24 metres in length

Mountains, rivers, other features Essay

Mountains in Belgium are Baraque de Fraiture,Baraque Michel,Botrange. There are many rivers in Belgium such as The Lys (Leie) in the cities of Bruges and fellow, The Escaut River (Schelde) in Tournai, Bossuit and Ghent . The Meuse (Maas) and Sambre in the south let you visit Namur also Liege and the Willebroek-Charleroi Canals (The Belgian Tourist say-so (BTO) in the US). In northwest of Belgium, there are the coastal lowland, a continuation of the continental shelf lying under the shallow waters of the North Sea. The shore is lined with low sand dunes.Fringing them is a specify belt of polders, land reclaimed from peat bogs and shallow lakes (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2007). Economy How do most earn a living The Britannica Student Encyclopedia (2007) mentioned that Daily commuting among homes on the farm and jobs in the city is a common practice in Belgium. Many industrial starters are part-time farmers who have strong family ties in the country. A large number of Belgian workers, called frontaliers, travel each day to jobs in France. This shows that Belgian works in both cities and country. Natural resources.Belgium produces many internal products, such as coal, natural gas, construction materials, silica sand, carbonates (The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US). Main agricultural products Sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco beef, veal, pork, take out (The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US). Manufactured Goods engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum(The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US). ExportsBelgium import raw materials and export a large volume of manufactures. Exported products like machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, metals and metal products, foodstuffs . Belgium has many Exports partners like Germany 19. 9%, France 17. 2%, Netherlands 11. 8%, UK 8. 6% , US 6. 5% and Italy 5. 2%(The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US). Currency & Exchange rate The currency for Belgium is Euro, the value of the euro in the range of 1. 20 to 1. 40 US$ (Steinbicker, 2006, p. 155). People and Daily Life Race and Religion The Belgian Population is (10,364,388 ). In Fleming 58%, in Walloon 31%and the rest 11% .Religions in Belgium vary from Roman Catholic 75%, Protestant or other 25% (The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US). City Housing Accommodations vary from usual modern Apartment like in Flanders & Wallonia, to farms and castles just like in Brugge , Ferrieres, Liege and Huy (The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US). Clothing With simple words The Britannica Student Encyclopedia (2006) says about the Belgian people Belgians, especially those in the cities, wear modern Western-style clothes. Men who work in offices are expected to wear suit jackets to work. It is generally acceptable for women to wear slacks to work.The ethnic costumes of the Flemings and Walloons are seldom worn today. On well-nigh farms women still wear the traditional dark-colored clothing and white aprons, and men wear the old-fashioned. Holidays Other than the regular Public holidays like New years day, east wind Sunday, Easter Monday, Labor day(May 1 st),Ascension Day(6th Thursday after Easter),whitsum,whit Monday(7th Monday after Easter), National day(July 21st),assumption(august15th),All Saints day(Nov 1 st),Armistice day(Nov 11th) and Christmas day (Steinbicker, 2006, p. 154) there are many kookie festivals held in Belgium like Ommegang Festival BrusselsEvery year in July, the lavish Ommegang procession commemorates the tribute paid to Emperor Charles V and his VIP guests. Richly-colored costumes, horses, embroidered banners, rowlock throwing and stilt jousting (The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US). (See Figure 3). Figure 3. Carnival de Binche Binche For 3 days in February the town of Binche is transported back to the 16th coul omb for this festival. Highlighted by music parades and fireworks, the climax of this event is when the Gilles appear on the Grand Place and throw oranges to the spectators (The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US).Procession of devoted Blood Bruges This annual event takes place in May and is divided into 4 parts Old Testament, New Testament, Historical Section, and veneration of the Holy Blood. Since the twelfth century the numerous brotherhoods and associations of the city of Bruges venerate and pay homage to the Holy-Blood (The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US). Stavelot (Mid-lent Carnival) Stavelot This event takes place in March and is highlighted by the Blanc Moussi, which means clad in white. Beginning on Sunday, the Blancs Moussis wander the streets of the town putting up their irreverent posters.In the afternoon they step out from the entourage while staying on their floats and shower the crowds with confetti while flogging them with pork bladders (The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US). Zinneke Parade Brussels Its also know as Big Z-Day. It is a street opera of music, choreography, costumes and floats (The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US). Ghent Festival Ghent It is held every year in July. People sing, dance, eat and drink, get together and watch theater. (The Belgian Tourist Office (BTO) in the US).

Comparative Essay: To Kill A Mockingbird and Martin Luther Kin Essay

Choose 2 of the texts we have studied and explain how each composer has successfully communicated their message to the respondent.In the text To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee and the I have a dream speech by Martin Luther queen Jnr, both composers have conveyed strong messages that ar communicated through narrative and oral techniques. These messages of fortitude and bias and discrimination are what the composer thought is necessary to write in order to change social attitudes towards these issues. some(prenominal) texts were written at a time when those who were oppressed were fighting for freedom and border by those who discriminated.genus Atticus Finch shows a remarkable amount of moral courage by defending gobbler Robinson in judicature when accused of raping a white wo humans. This act takes courage, as Atticus already knows the sm altogether town of Maycomb has bring Tom guilty. The intolerance and racism that has been widespread among southern society for hundreds of years may non be eliminated by this case, but Atticus will fight anyway.if I didnt I couldnt bring my head up in this townI couldnt even tell you or Jem not to do something again This bring up said by Atticus to Scout in an effort to get wind Scout about social etiquette and morals. Atticus feels that he must have honesty in all sides of his life and that if he were to be false as a lawyer he would not be true to his family or friends. Having the children at the appeal case exposes them to the prejudice and hypocracy faced to those who a different to the majority. In the novel, coloured people are seen as dangerous and violent to those who are prejudiced. I seen that black spaderuttin on my Mayellalived down yonder in that nigger-nest Bob Ewell says this when he gets carried away while accusing Tom Robinson. The quote demonstrates that Bob feels Negroes are inferior savages that have no rights or feeling and is displayed when he uses row reserved for animals.By using Scout to narrate the story allows Harper Lee to expose the responderto views and attitudes constituteed by minor with innocence. The audience learns about prejudice and discrimination as Scout learns. through with(predicate) her eyes we see her father, Atticus, show moral courage as he defends a coloured man in court. The ending of the novel is cautiously optimistic as Atticus does not win the court case but still manages to have taught his children worthy life lessons.Martin Luther King Jnr stood up in prior of a crowd, about 250, 000 followers who had gathered in Washington from around the world, and delivered a truly animate speech. The speech he gave that day on August 28th, 1963 became an anthem to those who were and still are being discriminated against. King knew of the risks he faced by standing up for himself and others in his position and what he did that day took courage and bravery.the Negro lives on a lonely island of povertyan exile in his own land This quote conveys t hat King felt that discrimination occurred in every aspect of a coloured persons life personal, economic, political, ghostly belief and luck.lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. This sound out talks about everyone making an effort with the nation to stop racial prejudice and together form a peaceful and loving nation. The tone of the speech makes it almost ironic that America is the land of opportunity and liberty, and that the American Dream is equality and yet has colour restrictions and those who are racially different are discriminated against.King used many techniques to make his message as clear and precise as possible. These resources include call and response interaction with the audience a calm to storm delivery which begins in a slow professional manner before gradually reaching its dramatic climax repetition vision used when, for example, he is contrasting between light and darkness (hope and imprisonment) and fina lly allusions such as religious or political.Both composers wrote their texts for the same purpose, to help change socialattitudes and to challenge the responder to employ tolerance and understanding. They achieved this by using various techniques to convey messages that help the audience walk in someone elses shoes for a brief moment of time. King leaves his audience with a feeling of hope and optimism for the early Lees ending provides cautious optimism but it is still apparent. Both texts leave the audience with valuable knowledge and insight into a era of great prejudice and discrimination.