Franz Kafka the Metamorphosis

The Metamorphosis is arguably Franz Kafkas best works of literature where author, Franz Kafka, directly casts upon the negative aspects of his life both mentally and physically. Franz Kafka was a visionary, whose works contained the secret to the future. Kafka’s world is one of a kind. To Kafka popular culture portrays contrast between functional and dysfunctional families to frame the elements that contribute to their formation. In similar pursuit, Kafka recognizes one significant aspect in the establishment of a healthy and stable family.In The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka applies symbols, imagery, and settings to impress that a family organization where equally shared responsibilities prevail is more effective in keeping a positive domestic atmosphere. Also Kafka demonstrates the absurdity of human life and the sense of alienation of human existence, a reflection of Kafka’s own life. â€Å"Because the notion of bug aptly characterized his sense of worthlessness and pa rasitism before his father. † (Neider 262). When Franz Kafka was a boy his father abused him.Whenever Kafka disagreed with his father or told his father that he wanted to be a writer, his father got very upset with him. Franz was expected to follow the course his father planned out for him. â€Å"But from his childhood he considered himself a disappointment to his authoritarian figure parent and inadequate when compared with him. † (Czech 255). Kafka’s father viewed Franz as a failure and disapproved of his writing because he wanted Franz to become a businessman like him. This obsession with wanting Franz to become a businessman led his father Herrman to beat his son.There was always a great tension between Kafka and his father; Kafka always had strong mixed feelings toward him. Franz had other siblings but he was left all alone to struggle with the mantle of his father's expectations and frustrations. The relationship between Gregor and his father is in many way s were similar to Franz and his father Herrman. The emotional and physical abuse Gregor goes through is reciprocal to what Kafka went through in real life. They were both abused and neglected by their fathers when they were disappointed with them.â€Å"The mother and sister almost survive the test, but the father rejects him from the start. (Angus 264). The relationship with his father was reflected in Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis. In the book, Mr. Samsa displayed a violent temper from the very first encounter with the transformed Gregor. â€Å"When he chased Greggor back into the room, he kicked him in the back as he reached for the door. † (Kafka). Kafka illustrates that imbalance in family responsibility results in resentment and hatred. â€Å"All our knowledge of Kafka’s life and story technique suggests that it is a precipitation in fantasy of his lifelong sense of loneliness and exclusion. † (Angus 264).Quite apart from his isolation within his famil y, Kafka also felt isolated from the rest of society. Both Samsa and Kafka experienced the difficulties of living in a modern society and the struggle for acceptance of others when in a time of need. Also the lack of affection in Kafka’s childhood is a cause of feeling isolation that both Samsa and Kafka felt. Kafka never seemed to keep a wife. He was engaged twice but both times he was the one that ended the engagement. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa says â€Å"Constantly seeing new faces, no relationships that last or get more intimate. (Kafka).Gregor Samsa was a character that endured seclusion and exile like no other. Gregor adopts the precaution â€Å"of locking all the doors during the night even at home. † (Kafka). In this quote, the lock symbolizes Gregor’s wish to isolate himself from his family and society due to his anger. â€Å"Into a room in which Gregor ruled the bare walls all alone, no human being inside Grete was ever likely to set foot. à ¢â‚¬  (Kafka 34). The way Samsa was portrayed by his own family was the main cause of the feelings in which Gregor felt.His family purely the basis of the isolationism. Throughout the book, The Metamorphosis, Kafka creates Gregor to express his own feelings of isolation and alienation. â€Å"Reminded even his father that Gregor was a member of the family, in spite contrary, it was the commandment of family duty to swallow their disgust and endure him, endure him and nothing more. † (Kafka). Kafka, in a similar situation, uses Gregor transforming into a bug as a way of exaggerating himself, trying to express his feelings and point of view.Kafka saw the world much as he describes in his novels, just as a man who feels himself to be persecuted sees reality fitting into a system, which is really of a spiritual order, to persecute him. † (Spender 257). Kafka who had the pressure of his father forcing his own occupation on him resulted in a negative way. It was the main reas on that caused Kafka’s animosity towards his father. Kafka’s father already forced him to do what he wanted and not what Kafka wanted. This is similar to Gregor’s work life as a salesman. Gregor is not working for himself but to pay the family’s debt; he is unsatisfied with his occupation.Gregor Samsa is the only provider in the family he gives his family a nice atmosphere making them all feel economic security. Gregor’s atmosphere is one his family wouldn’t understand. He has the burden of finance on just him, only a single person results and this results in bitterness and anger. Kafka implies that in order to achieve a healthy family atmosphere, all members must contribute equally to common causes. Kafka uses symbols to contrast the difference in mood between the unequal and equal shares in financial responsibility of the Samsa’s family.He also uses imagery and settings to provide a transition between positive and negative oppositio n as a result of the shift towards balance and evenness of responsibility. His message is about domestic stability. The first page of The Metamorphosis is Gregor’s transformation. This tends to leave many readers confused at what’s actually going on. â€Å"Kafka states in the first sentence that Gregor wakes up to find himself changed into a giant kind of vermin (â€Å"Ungeziefer†). The term â€Å"vermin† holds the key to the double aspect of The Metamorphosis. † (Sokel 267). When you think vermin you think, bug.According to the dictionary a vermin is â€Å"noxious, objectionable, or disgusting animals collectively, especially those of small size that appear commonly and are difficult to control. † You think its just something that lives off human beings and maybe sucks their blood. However in context to The Metamorphosis â€Å"On the other hand, it connotes something defenseless, something that can be stepped upon and crushed. † (Sok el 267). These words are proven to be a correlation to how Gregor Samsa felt in The Metamorphosis. This is how Kafka felt about himself. He uses Gregor to expand upon what and how he felt.He felt this way relating back to his father. Kafka’s father viewed him as a vermin. â€Å"Kafka’s famous letter to his father would give support to such a view since Kafka has his father refer to him as a blood-sucking type of vermin, a bedbug or a louse. † (Sokel 267). Franz Kafka channels his real insecurities into his writing by attributing them to his protagonist, Gregor. The transformation from human to insect depicted in his novel represents the author’s childhood loss of confidence and self-esteem. The Kafkaesque nightmare of The Metamorphosis mimics the authors own life.

Coming of Age Speech: Dragon Keeper by Carole Wilkinson

What defines ones personality? What moulds ones identity? Coming of age is a crucial phase in life. It’s the time where our character is shaped through challenges we face and experiences we encounter. Coming of age is displayed throughout the novel, Dragon Keeper by Carole Wilkinson. There are three main stages of coming of age; changes, gaining independence and sense of belonging. All these ideas are depicted in the novel using various language techniques. Change is the initial and most noticeable stage of coming of age. It occurs both physically and mentally, and it plays a major role in the configuration of characters. Change is displayed when Ping looks in the mirror for the first time in several months and thinks to herself â€Å" my rosy red cheeks have faded into a rich cream colour and my skin looks as soft as silk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This combination of alliteration and a simile describes the physical changes that ping has undergone and it shows that as Ping began to face more challenges her rate of development increased as well as these physical changes ping was face with many mental changes. Independence is a pivotal attribute in order for survival. Independence is one of the hardest characteristics to gain in the novel. Ping gains independence at a relatively early stage. It is conspicuous that the idea of independence is expressed particularly in the scene where Ping meets her master. She makes it clear to him and I quote â€Å" im not that little girl anymore†¦ ive learnt to defend myself†. Belonging Is a vital factor to ensure an exultant and joyful life. It’s the time of realisation. Realising where you want to be and realising who you really needs you and who you really need. Ping gains that sense of belonging towards the end of her journey to Tai Shi Mountain she says, â€Å" I look back, I can’t believe it. Finally im here. I belong here. They need me here† There is a noticeable change in the length of the sentences in this quote. Coming of age is the most valuable and substantial stage in life. It is the time where personalities, characters and identifies are formed through challenges we encounter and experiences we face. Coming of age can be split into three main steps: the first is changes, the second being independence and the third sense of belonging. All these ideas are depicted throughout the novel as Ping faces a variety of events that configure her character as she comes of age. THANKYOU ( ( It tells the story of a young slave girl named ping who was adopted at a very young age by her sinister master. He treats her like she’s worthless and he takes advantage of her. Eventually, she gains the courage to flee from her master and sets out on a mystical, enlightening and dangerous journey. On this journey she comes across many challenges and experiences and her identity begins to form, all while she is going through the process of coming of age This represented by a mixture of juxtaposition and personification while ping is trapped in the dragons den. I quote â€Å"As I sit there in the dark of my thoughts I see light beginning to creep in and suddenly I feel this jolt. I know ill be free once again†. This quote describes pings spontaneous mental transformation. The ray of light represents that glimpse of hope that Ping gains. Both these physical and mental changes are key factors in order for Ping to come of age. These changes are climatical points in the definition of her character. These changes lead to Ping’s ability to gain independence. This quote contains an ellipse at mid- sentence. This allows the reader to stop and reflect on just how much Ping has changed. She metamorphosed from a helpless young youth to one independent young woman. Independence is an enormous milestone in the formation of identity and it is the primary step of coming of age before reaching a sense of belonging. They get significantly shorter and they’re repetitive. This exaggerates Pings excitement, She is hysterical just knowing that someone actually needs her. This sense of belonging is the concluding moment in Pings process of coming of age. It is the final piece that assists on the configuration of character.

Asthma Outline Essay

A respiratory viral infection plays a major role in important aspects of asthma and its exacerbation; which is nearly associated for about 80% of overall respiratory condition. Viral pathogen associated with wheezing includes Human Rhinovirus (HRV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Parainfluenza, and coronavirus (Busse & Lemanske. 2010). Rhinovirus is associated with common colds that may cause sore throat, sinus infection, ear infection and to some degree of bronchiolitis and pneumonia (American†¦ Asthma Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide characterized by the inflammation of the bronchial smooth muscles. In the past 20 years, the incidence of asthma, especially in children, has increased (Wong et al., 2009). Inflammatory and structural changes of asthma in the airways lead to narrowing of the airway, edema as increased mucus production and bronchoconstriction. While bronchoconstriction plays a key role in asthma, more emphasis has recently been placed on the inflammatory†¦ Asthma is oftentimes overlooked or brushed to the side when talking about disabilities, especially when it comes to discussing disabilities among school children. Due to modern medicine and an increased knowledge about the disease, those affected by it are often able to live normal healthy lives. Despite being treatable, asthma is not a disease that should be taken lightly. Boushey & Fahy state that asthma wasn’t considered a severe disease until the 1960’s when several asthmatic deaths took place†¦ pathophysiology of asthma. Asthma occurs when a patient’s airway becomes narrow, swells and produces excess mucus. The patients’ breathing becomes labored and causes shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. Asthma may be minor for some patients, but for others it may cause severe complications. Asthma may also interfere with activities of daily living and in some instances can be life threatening. Asthma is not curable, but the symptoms can be managed with medications. Overtime, asthma may change and†¦ million individuals worldwide suffering from asthma (WHO 2006). It is expected by the year 2025 there will an additional 100 million persons diagnosed with asthma. As the prevalence of this non-communicable disease continues to rise there must me methods implemented to control and monitor. It is with this foundation that a needs assessment was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of the Princess Margaret Hospital in Nassau, Bahamas. Uncontrolled asthma places an enormous strain on individuals’†¦ Asthma is such a common disease. For instance, a negative response to an emotional stress can cause an asthma attack (Mark 1007). Have you actually seen someone have an asthma attack? It is the scariest thing because you cannot do anything about it. They say that there are no cures for asthma, and they also claim that there is some natural therapies that may help to manage symptoms of asthma. Weather your asthma is completely manageable and only shows up from time to time, or if you only have to†¦ Asthma Introduction In today's society children are faced with many problems in their day to day life. However, there is one disorder that affects many children and can be potentially fatal if not caught and treated correctly. This disorder is call asthma. The National Center for Biotechnology Information defines asthma as, "Asthma is a disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightening, and coughing." Asthma mostly effects†¦ Asthma is characterized by the pathological changes in the submucosal glands, the increase of smooth muscle composition and hardening of the lamina reticularis; due to the recurrent inflammation and overproduction of mucus in the airways (Holgate & Sly, 2014). The inflammatory response is highly associated with the clinical symptoms of wheezing, coughing, short of breath and chest tightness (Cosio, Rosado & Rossi, 2012). The objectives of this essay is to discuss the pathophysiology of asthma, outline†¦ Asthma for Life The person I interviewed was my 16 year grandson D. Bass. Mr. Bass lives in a small rural community about twenty minutes away from me. He has had asthma his entire life. This interview took place at my house, he drove over on a Sunday afternoon to visit and I conducted the interview. I spent about an hour asking him questions, then did a brief physical assessment on him. He is a typical adolescent teenager and had to hurry out had somewhere to go. Questionnaire I first completed†¦ indigenous boy, who has asthma since he was two. He shows up in the hospital and complains about shortness of breath. Steven stays with his mother and 6 siblings in a remote town in rural Australia. Based on Steven’s situation, this essay will discuss about the pathophysiology about asthma, and then evaluate the nurse’s role of providing the nursing care for both Steven and his family. Harver and Kotses (2010) define asthma as the chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. Asthma is a respiratory condition†¦

Amidst stiff resistance from most actors, the Indian government Essay

Amidst stiff resistance from most actors, the Indian government approved Foreign Direct Investment in retail last year. Discuss how this will impact the development in the country - Essay Example well as implementation of pioneering technological advancements and internationalisation have compelled the respective governments of dissimilar nations to formulate along with execute effectual policies for progressing the economies (Hirst et al., 2009). With regard to this aspect, it has been viewed that the government of India felt the urgent need of progressing its economy through approving Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in recent years particularly in the retail sector. By taking into consideration the aforementioned decisive factors, the government of India has decided to implement such a significant approach with the sole motive of developing its economy at large. In this similar concern, the Indian government previously adopted this significant approach but failed to implement owing to the reason of facing stiff resistance from both the allies and the opposition parties by a greater level. The government strongly believes that the introduction and the implementation of this important approach i.e. FDI would certainly help in advancing Indian economy by a significant extent (Nexia International, n.d.). FDI is fundamentally regarded as an invaluable source of private capital especially for developing nations which plays a decisive role in making deliberate efforts towards both national along with international development. Generally, FDI is typically described as a cross-border investment which is made by an organisation based in one particular nation into a business entity based in another country with the motive of strengthening its financial position by a greater level (Peng, 2009). The approach of FDI is principally regarded to be an imperative tool for the financial development of any particular nation through standardising advanced technologies, effectively utilising valuable resources and developing innovative techniques (Moghe, 2008). It has been apparently observed that the governments of various countries desire to adopt and execute this

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Assignment 1 - Essay Example One of the key individual who has highlighted the importance of capitalism in his research is Adam Smith who proposed the theory of the invisible hand (Wilber 1998, 7). According to his theory there is a hand that cannot be seen but is guiding a particular economy to achieve the purpose of common good. According to his concept, the government does not have to intervene in the market and the market is regulated itself and this concept is similar to the concept of laissez faire. Strengths Those economists who are considered as liberalist and capitalist in nature are of the idea that the economy under liberalism is ruled by eight basic tenants (Davis 2008, 5). The initial tenant of liberalism and capitalism is that people operate to safeguard their own interest and to achieve their own aims and objectives before considering the interest of others. The second element of liberalism is that market is place where buyers and sellers meet each other in order to exchange goods and services. Th e third element of liberalism is that everyone has a free will to own property and assets should be privatized and not controlled by the government. The fifth element of this kind of economy is that market is governed and guided by the forces of competition. In order to achieve this element of liberalism, the sellers in the market have to operate in such a way that they compete with each other to attract more and more consumers and in order to attract more consumers they compete through the tools of pricing and they try to utilize their resources in the most efficient manner. The sixth basic element of liberalism is that all individuals are free to choose for whom they are going to work and they can even choose the markets they are willing to serve. The seventh element of liberalism is that consumers are the most important part of the market. This principle is in line with Adam Smith’s idea of consumer sovereignty and the consumer is the decider of the number and kind of reso urces that will be used to produce a product and when this production will occur and for whom the production will be conducted. The last element of this form of economy is that government should not intervene in market operations and let the forces of demand and supply dictates the operations of the market. Another major figure who promoted the idea of liberalism and who himself was a believer of liberalism was John Maynard Keynes of the 20th century (Heinberg 2011, 38). According to his believes, the government should not intervene in a particular economy and they have minimum amount of role to play in the market that are created in foreign and local regions. This concept can clearly be witnessed in the BWS (Bretton Woods System) that was witnessed after the era of WWII. A major part of the BWS was the Keynesian Compromise according to which involvement of the state is limited to the operations of their local markets and their involvement is unnecessary in international market oper ations (Bordo 1993, 158). Those economists who are considered as liberals even support the hegemonic stability theory and they assert that market operations that are international in nature are more stabilized if there is presence of hegemon. Hegemon is a term used to refer to the elite or the dominant one who has the power to make

Legal skills learning portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Legal skills learning portfolio - Essay Example during the module sessions have encompassed a wide range of methodologies, many of which have focused actively on student learning, role plays, team work and interaction to develop the essential skills needed to become a successful lawyer. In a similar fashion, I have been constantly assessed during this module through a number of evaluations, examinations, reports, and moot court sessions apart from a certain degree of oral presentations. In fact, our entire class has undergone through a strict and rigorous curriculum that has required my study group to constantly re-invent itself through peer and self assessments. I am further of the opinion that the ALS module has comprised a level of distinctiveness with focus on a number of areas like criminal law, contracts, company law, civil procedure, constitutional law, evidence and professional conduct. I have undertaken complex and elaborate case studies in each of these disciplines together with my study group and have evolved as a prospective lawyer through rigorous and dedicated analysis and application to practice moot court sessions. Based on the guidelines of McCarthy (2003, pg. 28), developing ideas and strategies to tackle cases, presenting them in mock sessions an d arguing them in a highly competitive environment have streamlined my vision to approach and analyze cases in a manner that is highly practical and thought provoking in nature. During this course, I have sensed that elaborate resources have been devoted to determining ways of teaching skills within the overall academic program. I also feel that this has been the case even with embedding these skills in students which has enabled them to improve upon incrementally by applying them to cases of increasing complexity, building the sense of independence and confidence that is highly required of a lawyer. Thus, the ALS Module can be termed as a comprehensive skill-based curriculum. The creation of groups among students to learn skills like advocacy and

Regression analysis project Statistics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Regression analysis - Statistics Project Example The best model, therefore, uses c to represent c.vol, in the regression model, which now becomes: The code for this regression is found in the Appendix A section, while the output is found in Appendix B section. The coefficient of logistic regression in this analysis for the c.vol is 0.80404, a highly positive coefficient, giving a probability (pr = 0.01539) that the patient will test positive. The second variable that indicates a positive test is psa, with a coefficient of 0.00226 a low positive coefficient, with a probability of 0.03847. The rest of the variables have negative association with the test for the hypothesis (Long, 1997). This test estimates the cancer diagnosis for someone with 10 psa, 5 c.vol, 40g for weight, age 67, with 2.5 benign, with no seminal vesicle invasion, and with 0.5 cm cap. The test is done through the same model and the results are found in Appendix C section. The coefficient of association is 1.46414, with a probability of 0.160296, hence the patient tests positive with prostate cancer. Where p is the probability that gender or treatment has a significant effect on blood calcium level, C is the coefficient of regression, and v is the most significant variable in determining the probability p. there is no outlier in this dataset. The necessary transformation in this regression process is the binomial transformation using â€Å"mylogit† function. The two variables gender and treatment are both significant in determining the results of the hypothesis test (Hosmer & Lemeshow, 2000). The best model, therefore, combines the two variables in the regression as follows: The code for this regression is found in the Appendix D section, while the output is found in Appendix E section. The coefficient of logistic regression in this analysis is 0.0206, a low positive coefficient, giving a probability (pr = 0.0247) that the Treatment significantly affects the

The Current and Future Uses of Tidal Power in North America Essay

The Current and Future Uses of Tidal Power in North America - Essay Example Other records documents that Tidal power originated from Europe and Atlantic coast of North American where tide mills were used to produce electricity. The flowing water was stored in massive ponds and the movement of tides turned the waterwheels, which utilized mechanical energy generated to for grain milling. The earliest tide mills occurred during the Middle ages and during the Roman times and in the 19th century, the process of utilizing running water and turbine spinning for electricity production was introduced in America and Europe, (Hardisty 52). During this period, the tidal mills were primarily utilized to grand grains and had similar designs with the conventional water mills except the fact that they did not use reservoirs and dams. Similarly, the industrial revolution accelerated power demands and tidal energy could not meet the demand; therefore, the development of cheap fossil fuels and other power production means that provided access to generation of power replaced ti dal power. Therefore, the existing Tidal mills and other pre-industrial water mills lost their value as power production means. ... Secondly, tidal energy can be exploited through turbines sinking to the floor of the sea whereby fast-moving water currents turn blades of the generator as wind does to wind turbines. Tidal power is renewable energy as the tides movement is on a predictable routine schedule based on the Sun, Moon, and Earth’s orbit and cannot be exhaustible. Even though, tidal power is free of carbon, it is not environmental secure because concerns over the shoreline health and aquatic environment ruins the clean power source – older technology of tidal barrage can destroy aquatic life populations. Traditionally, massive systems of barrage prevailed in the of tidal energy project. However, because of high evident unhealthy environmental and economic challenges with the tidal power technology, investigations into the tidal power field had a shift from systems of barrage to tidal turbines current in the recent years. This modern technology has fewer environmental challenges than the tidal barrages because the turbines on the offshore water current cuts the necessity of building water reservoirs for capturing tides along environmental delicate coastlines. Although, harnessing tidally drive currents of the coastal waters cannot product as much power as the barrage style equipments, the technology still has some hope for the North Americans. This is because the technology is rapidly developing and growing with various test projects developing all over the world. For instance, the technology is evolving in various nations such as Canada, France, Europe, and the entire United States. North America now owns and operates its own Annapolis tidal energy project that provides energy for various purposes. For instance, power from the tidal

International Strategic Alliances(PROJECT TO WRITE IN ACADEMIC REPORT) Essay

International Strategic Alliances(PROJECT TO WRITE IN ACADEMIC REPORT) - Essay Example riteria Decision Making (MCDM) in order to assist the managers of automobile companies when deciding for the best partner alliance and optimize several business goals all at the same time. This report will not only summarize the theoretical foundation of the research but also identify its basic assumptions, research hypothesis, research methodology, and its contribution to the international business literature. In response to globalization, international strategic alliances is now being use as a business strategy in terms of maximizing the companies’ of economics of scale, increasing the efficiency of production in response to the fast changing market environment, empower the business in terms of penetrating a new market, improve the company’s competitive advantage within the domestic and global market, expand the business opportunities of a business organization, reduce the cost of production, and create new business opportunities for the company among others (Czinkota, Ronkainen, & Moffett, 2009, pp. 3 – 6; Wright & Dana, 2003). In line with this, strategic alliances are being used to enable companies establish a long-term business relationship with other companies in order to increase the company’s competitiveness with its competitors (Shahanaghi & Yavarian, 2010). The purpose of the chosen reading will be provided in this report by discussing the main objective of the article. Eventually, the article written by Shahanaghi & Yavarian (2010) entitled â€Å"MODM-MCDM Approach to Partner Selection in Auto Industry. A Case Study on Mazda of Iran† will be summarized in this report. As part of summarizing the theoretical foundation of the research including its basic assumptions or the research hypothesis, research methodology, and the contribution of Shahanaghi & Yavarian’s article in the international business literature will be tackled in details. Shahanaghi & Yavarian (2010) analyzed the international strategic alliances in automobile indusrty

Raising Achievement of Ethnic Minority Children Essay Example for Free

Raising Achievement of Ethnic Minority Children Essay This literature review would explore the barriers in raising educational achievements of ethnic minority students. As this is a broad area of concern the literature would examine two main barriers such as social background issues and English as Additional Language (EAL) while briefly looking at other barriers such as†¦ Statistical data collected from the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC) 2002 would be analysed in respect to this group social economic status and its effect on their learning. The literature would outline the significance of raising achievement, particularly ICT teacher’s responsibility. This report would identify some strategies/solutions including pedagogical approaches to raising achievement which would be supported by research. The overall findings would illustrate why ethnic minority children underperform academically than their counterparts in school. INTRODUCTION It is important to recognise that ethnic minority pupils may fall into the category of low class low achievement. (Battle and Lewis 2010 pg35) said â€Å"a person’s education is closed linked to their life chances, income and wellbeing† it’s therefore, fair to say that ethnic minority communities are most likely to underachievement than others because of their socio-economic conditions. Language in education has long been the subject of attention by educationists at all levels. Initially as concerning the problem of teaching English to children for whom it is not a first language, The Swann Report 1985 pg385 Other drawbacks to raising achievement are institutional racism, lack of motivation, lack of suitable challenge, the appropriateness of activities and tasks, a mix-match of expectations, a perceived irrelevance of the activities and tasks. National Education Authority claim to be â€Å"raising achievement to higher levels and closing student achievement gaps are priorities in schools and communities at all economic levels and in urban, rural, and suburban settings†. (http://www.nea. org/home/17413. htm. Accessed 02/11/12) What is Raising Achievement? According to (DfES 0013-2006. Pg. 6) (Excel and enjoy) raising achievement means a â€Å"tailored education for every child and young person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations, and builds their life chances. It will create opportunity for every child, regardless of their background†. Teachers have a committed liability to enable all learners to attain and achieve their full potential, whether they are SEN (Special Education Needs), EAL (English as an Additional Language) or ethnic minority student. What is Ethnic Minority? The ethnic minorities in the UK, 50% are Asian or Asian British (Indian, Pakistani etc. ), 25% are Black or Black British (Black African, Black Caribbean etc. ), 15% are Mixed Race, 5% are Chinese and 5% are of other ethnic backgrounds. (http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm. Accessed 02/11/12) Cabinet Office defined it as â€Å"Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage (thus the term ethnic minorities can also be used to include White ‘ethnic’ minority groups in Britain, such as the Irish or people from other European countries). However, the systematic historical and continuing pattern of disadvantage for Black and Asian groups singles them out for special consideration†. (webarchive. gov. uk. Accessed 02/11/12). Barriers to Raising achievement Socio-Economic Backgrounds: Socio class can cause inequality in class which could in turn influence the achievement in children; (C. Stephen pg. 269) Social scientists have recognised the importance of an individual’s family socio economic status (SES) has an influence on the academic achievement of children since the mid-1960s. It could cause low their self-confidence and self-esteem â€Å"ethnic minorities may have special issues related to self-esteem. Because of prejudice, minority members are likely to see a negative image of themselves† ( DeLamater. J Myers. D pg. 88). (http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm) â€Å"Ethnic backgrounds that are less successful in education is because they have a higher percentage of pupils from working class backgrounds. Also the lower a childs class position, the lower their income. Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black pupils are more likely to be raised in low income families. This can affect how well they do in school because lack of funds means lack of school equipment, less favourable working conditions e. g. cold house, no desk etc. This inequity could lead to poor or erratic attendance which was cited as a contributory factor to poor attainment in several schools. Table1 the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC) 2002 illustrates the impact of socio-economic disadvantage by comparing relative GCSE performance for pupils who are eligible for free school meals. This shows that pupils from lower socio-economic groups tend to achieve less good results than those from higher socio-economic groups and that this difference is particularly large for white pupils. (Aiming High Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils) Table2: The pupil level annual school census (PLASC) 2002 characteristics: Proportion achieving 5+ A*-C GCSEs for those entered for GCSEs in Maintained Schools in 2002 Note: these charts are based on data collected as part of the 2002 Pupil Level Annual Schools Census. From 2003, data will be based on an updated set of categories including mixed heritage, Gypsy/Roma and Travellers of Irish heritage which are listed at annex A. (Aiming High Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils) Discrimination on grounds such as race will affect effective learning fundamentally in most cases, which is linked to disparities in school. Some schools are institutionally racist, says Oftseds Director of Inspections, Jim Rose to the annoyance of teachers unions. Mr Rose said Much of that [racism], we think, is to do with unwitting stereotyping of youngsters and the lack of expectation or lowered expectation of teachers as a result of that sometimes (http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/education/294078. stm)†. With the fact that their â€Å"ethnicity influences their class and their class influences their attitude†, there is concern about the aspirations of underprivileged children â€Å"socio-economic barriers may hinder aspiration formation for these children because of lack of mentors, opportunities, and resources and also doubt their ability to attain in learning† (http://www.learningbenefits. net/Publications/ResReps/ResRep27. pdf pg3). The majority of schools are engaged in a wide variety of initiatives to improve provision and raise the attainment of all pupils. However, few schools monitor these activities systematically and rarely do they have a specific ethnic focus. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7). Strategies to raising achievement of Socio-economic barrier: Having realistic expectations of the educational achievement of children of lower socioeconomic groups will make them feel they can achieve their potential. â€Å"Expectations are also shaped by teacher and student perceptions of the reasons for successes and failures. A low ability student, who views failures as lack of ability and successes as luck, will lose his motivation, feeling that there is little he can change to improve his learning†. (Rose Miller 2001) As evidenced earlier pupils from ethnic minority group have low self –esteem therefore, it is crucial for teachers to encourage the child or young person to find their own preferred style and rhythm of learning so they are motivated to pursue their learning process, making them have ownership of their own learning and work. To help raise achievement teachers and leaders should monitor and track achievement, encourage and support the child to maximize their potential be aspirational for them. â€Å"Parents with fewer financial resources tend to hold lower aspirations for their children, and young people from socially disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have lower aspirations than their more advantaged peers (Schoon, 2006). Promoting a culturally friendly environments and establishing classroom ethos of respect with a clear approach to racism and bad behaviour â€Å"modelling and promoting values, attitudes and behaviour supportive of race equality in class would explore and target underachievement to raise attainment†. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23). Strategically choosing students to work in groups, peer assessment where they can see others work which could help them shape their own work and attain a better grade. However, teachers need to provide students with a stress free learning environment so they can feel included . (EVIDENCE OF WHY THEY NEED STRESS FREE ENVIRON,ENT) The revised National Curriculum includes a statutory inclusion statement setting out how teachers can ensure the curriculum is accessible to all pupils which would certainly help raise attainment for also ethnic minority students . It states that teachers must follow three principles for inclusion: setting ethnic focus. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7). Strategies to raising achievement of Socio-economic barrier: Having realistic expectations of the educational achievement of children of lower socioeconomic groups will make them feel they can achieve their potential. â€Å"Expectations are also shaped by teacher and student perceptions of the reasons for successes and failures. A low ability student, who views failures as lack of ability and successes as luck, will lose his motivation, feeling that there is little he can change to improve his learning†. (Rose Miller 2001) As evidenced earlier pupils from ethnic minority group have low self –esteem therefore, it is crucial for teachers to encourage the child or young person to find their own preferred style and rhythm of learning so they are motivated to pursue their learning process, making them have ownership of their own learning and work. To help raise achievement teachers and leaders should monitor and track achievement, encourage and support the child to maximize their potential be aspirational for them. â€Å"Parents with fewer financial resources tend to hold lower aspirations for their children, and young people from socially disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have lower aspirations than their more advantaged peers (Schoon, 2006). Promoting a culturally friendly environments and establishing classroom ethos of respect with a clear approach to racism and bad behaviour â€Å"modelling and promoting values, attitudes and behaviour supportive of race equality in class would explore and target underachievement to raise attainment†. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23). Strategically choosing students to work in groups, peer assessment where they can see others work which could help them shape their own work and attain a better grade. However, teachers need to provide students with a stress free learning environment so they can feel included . (EVIDENCE OF WHY THEY NEED STRESS FREE ENVIRON,ENT) The revised National Curriculum includes a statutory inclusion statement setting out how teachers can ensure the curriculum is accessible to all pupils which would certainly help raise attainment for also ethnic minority students . It states that teachers must follow three principles for inclusion: setting suitable learning challenges; responding to pupils’ diverse learning needs; and overcoming potential barriers to learning and assessment for individuals and groups of pupils. (cabinet office pg14). NALDIC (National Association for Language Development in the Curriculum), states that we should therefore ensure access to and progress through the curriculum or subject content. (using ict for eal pg5) Also very few schools review their curricular and pastoral strategies to ensure that they are sensitive to the ethnic groups in the student population and the wider community. In those instances where schools have done this as a result of concerns about a particular minority ethnic group, positive outcomes have resulted. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7) Schools working effectively with pupils in low attaining groups were not found to adopt specific approaches for particular groups of pupils such as minority ethnic groups, but instead personalised the curriculum, pedagogy and assessment such that pupils in any group could benefit. (Effective Teaching and Learning for Pupils in Low Attaining Group). Self- assessment and appropriate target setting according to individual learning styles would help them to build identities as successful learners. The new Teachers Standards (DfE, 2011) would enable this strategy to work perfectly as teachers have to Adapt teaching to respond to the strengths and needs of all pupils†¦evaluate distinctive teaching approaches to engage and support them. (Standard 5 The QTS Standards: DFES ‘Qualifying to Teach’(2002) In additional, as â€Å"they are much more likely than their peers of a higher socioeconomic environment to have a poor attendance, leave school earlier and with fewer qualifications, and are at far greater risk of being excluded from school. † http://education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf . Teachers recognise strengths and improvements praising their effort would encourage children participation. Using positive words (‘I’ve seen a spark in you) and encourage this group would make them feel motivated, believe in themselves and appreciated to want to attend school (promoting attendance) regardless of any socio-economic worries. Attending â€Å"parents evenings and other less formal school functions can help understand difficulties and help to remove any barriers† http://education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf. This could help build parent teacher relationship and both parties could devise ways to help raise the achievement and eliminate barriers affecting this young person’s learning. ? Respect frustration and encourage a positive approach to setbacks. http://education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf. English as an Additional Language (EAL) barrier on Ethnic Minority: EAL learners will be affected by attitudes towards them, their culture, language, religion, and ethnicity http://www. mkweb. co. uk/emass/documents/Website_EAL_Artwork. pdf. The proportions of pupils with English as an additional language are from ethic minority background groups about five per cent (Black Caribbean pupils) to over 90 per cent (those from Bangladeshi backgrounds). Approximately 9. 3% (over 632,000) of all pupils in schools in England are recorded as having English as an additional language (EAL) according to Statistics of Education 2002(aiminghighraisingachievent pg28). These speech patterns are argued to be consistent with many low income families which are inadequate to meet the demands of the education system. These patterns directly contribute to educational failure as students cannot always understand elaborated speech which teachers use and teachers often misunderstand students who use the restricted speech. As a result there is a breakdown in communication between teachers and pupils. http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm. This is a major barrier to achievement as English is not their first language and cannot communicate effectively in lesson, with peers and content of the curriculum it is helpful for the to access prior knowledge so they have a fair understanding before the next lesson â€Å"Language learners need access to the subject curriculum while they are learning English†. EAL students learning is NOT a learning difficulty, learners should not be placed in groups or sets for ‘slow learners’–they need good peer models of subject specific talk and writing. Teacher expectations are powerful determiners of student success. Teachers should reflect high expectations in the ambitious targets set for these children. Bilingual learners need to make more progress each year than their peers in order to catch up (Collier, 1995) –their efforts need to be acknowledged and appreciated, to build their self-image and self-esteem as successful learners. (Making the Difference Teaching and learning strategies in multi-ethnic schools) Solution/Approaches: (Bourne, 1998 and others) Reforming the mainstream to be more language aware is not only good for bilingual learners, but benefits ALL students (Making the Difference Teaching and learning strategies in multi-ethnic schools). Education authorities have recognised the fact that student with EAL will struggle to reach their potential and has incorporate into the new Teachers Standards, saying that â€Å"all teachers and trainee teachers will benefit from an understanding and recognition of EAL as a significant field of teaching and learning. (http://www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy.) It is important to recognise that children learning EAL are as able as any other children, and the learning experiences planned for them should be no less cognitively challenging â€Å"High challenge can be maintained through the provision of contextual and linguistic support and raise attainment. (ExcellenceandEnjoyment:learningandteachingintheprimaryyears,Creatingalearningculture:Classroomcommunity,collaborativeandpersonalisedlearning(DfES 0522-2004 G) However, Schools and colleges will need therefore to provide both physical and virtual learning environments that motivate and support the EAL learner’s distinctive needs. Raising achievement of ethnic minorities students with low attainment and EAL by developing appropriate resources across the curriculum; make effective use of displays boards to support their learning and develop their knowledge of the linguistic, cultural backgrounds. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg32) It is a legal requirement for literacy to be included into lesson; literacy is fundamental to good learning and achievement. It must therefore be a top priority for teachers consider how subject specific vocabulary like writing out keywords on white board, spelling and pronouncing words correctly which would help improve their English language â€Å"grammar should be introduced, modelled, extended and supported through the teaching of subject content to enhance literacy† (ExcellenceandEnjoymentlearningandteachingforbilingualchildrenintheprimaryyears). Organise small groups for computer-based activities that enable early stage learners to work with other first language speakers and to hear good models of English. â€Å"Establishing layered curriculum targets as a context for language development. Speaking and listening: guided sessions for language development. † (Effective Teaching and Learning for Pupils in Low Attaining Group). Using ICT to raise achievement of Ethnic Minority pupils with EAL. ICT has a vital role to play in providing the appropriate resources and technology for both learners and teachers. Using ICT to support EAL students presents challenges for many teachers of how best to make use of these new and emerging technologies to raise the achievement of their EAL students. (Using ICT to support students who have English as an additional language) Using Creative use of ICT in the classroom can promote inclusion and reflect cultural and linguistic diversity. Multimedia Projects provide excellent opportunities for learners to work collaboratively with other first language speakers. Email, local network links, user groups and video conferencing facilities provide opportunity for learners to communicate with proficient speakers of English and also of their first language across the world. Pupils learning EAL require opportunities to draw on additional contextual support to make sense of new information and language. Content learning for pupils learning EAL can be greatly improved through the use of visual support. This can help learners to conceptualise learning tasks that are being presented to them, or in which they are engaged, even when their knowledge of the target language is limited. http://www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy OCD/Migraine/ Metal plate in head due to past injury. If *** bumps her head call carer immediately/ unhappy to come SRS/difficult to make friends/suffered bullying/kept away from other students at break times in primary school/attention seeker/ mother died due to violently attacked by father (sees father in prison) / CAMHS/ care placement/ Literacy/maths/low self esteem/limited support from home/ IEP/PEP Pedagogy approach to EAL EAL pedagogy is the set of systematic teaching approaches which have evolved from classroom based practices in conjunction with the development of knowledge through theoretical and research perspectives. These approaches meet the language and learning needs of pupils for whom English is an additional language. They can be used in a wide range of different teaching contexts. http://www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy Setting out limited number of objectives criteria describe what the outcomes will look like when they are achieved; and actions linked to the target objectives to identify what has to be achieved by the end of lesson is said to raise success of learners whose second language is English (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23). Personalisation is the key to tackling the persistent achievement gaps between different social and ethnic groups. It means a tailored education for every child and young person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations and builds their life chances. Higher standards, better schools for all (HMSO 2006)(from-excellentandenjoymentlearning pg14) The development of EAL pedagogy has been influenced by social constructivist theories which emphasise the importance of scaffolding learning, and those which highlight the importance of socio-cultural and emotional factors. Children learning EAL will be affected by attitudes towards them, their culture, language, religion and ethnicity. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg14) Learning of English should be distinguished into communicative skills and cognitive and academic language proficiency. Children should be paired up in group so they can become conversationally fluent in the new language by communication and collaborating with others and to catch up with monolingual peers in the development of cognitive and academic language. Activating pupils prior knowledge â€Å"Finding out what pupils know about a topic through questioning, supporting self-monitoring and using KWL (Know, Want to find out, Learned) charts, brainstorming in small groups or pairs, discovery tasks, enabling use of first language. †http://www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy. Peer and share, questioning strategies using oral feedback is also important to move learners towards the forms of language used in writing (cognitive) and linguistic development. Children learning an additional language are not just learning vocabularies, grammars and pronunciations; it helps them to learn all other language functions such as questioning, analysing, hypothesising that they need for other subjects like mathematics, science, ICT and so on. Planning lesson for a class that has EAL student.

Constructivist and Liberalist Argument on State Shared Value

Constructivist and Liberalist Argument on State Shared Value According to realism, relations between states in the anarchical world is doomed to the state of constant conflict in which states can only count on themselves. Whatever cooperation exists in the world they prescribe it to the hegemonic order. This means that hegemon, creates institutions which facilitate cooperation but that these institutions are carriers of hegemonic interests and their existence is related to the existence of a hegemon. Representatives of liberal school deny the abovementioned argument and point at contemporary networks of cooperation in many fields which they see as a positive current in the world politic. Realists and liberals agree that the status of international system is anarchy and sovereign states make up the international order. As Alexander Wendt stated in 1992 in his article[1]: neorealists and neoliberals share generally similar assumptions about agents: states are the dominant actors in the system and they define security in self-interested terms[2]. As for the Liberals, they underline the importance of international institutions and cooperation between states thus placing a principle of the shared values in the center of state-behavior. Constructivist Argument According to Alexander Wendt, concept of power politics is socially constructed: If self-help is not a constitutive feature of anarchy, it must emerge casually from processes in which anarchy plays only a permissive role. This reflects a second principle of constructivism: that the meanings in terms of which action is organized arise out of interaction[3] Wendt views self-help as something not given by nature but instead, socially constructed. Having in mind the fact that power politics is socially constructed means that it can be transformed by human practice. Furthermore, constructivists look at international arena as a constructed structure which is built by socio-cultural practices, ideas, domestic and international interactions. According to Wendt, the basic tenets of constructivism are the structures of human association that are determined primarily by shared ideas rather than material forces, and that the identities and interests of purposive actors are constructed by these s hared ideas rather than given by nature[4]. According to the theory of constructivism the effect of anarchy on the state is proportionate to the states perception of anarchy, identity and interest. If in the state of Anarchy state A perceives the rise of power of state B as threat to its security, then a security dilemma is created and states apply to the self-help principle. But, if state A and state B view their security in the form of cooperation and collaboration, then a security dilemma is not formed, thus not establishing logical grounds for self-help principle to develop. Alexander Wendt in his article anarchy is what state make of it: The social construction of power politics states that: the nature of international anarchy appears to be conflictual if states show a conflictual behaviour towards each other, and cooperative if they behave cooperatively towards one another. Therefore, it is states themselves that determine anarchys nature.[5] Liberal argument Representatives of liberal theory agree with realists on a notion that international system is anarchical. But unlike realist, liberalism mitigates the risks coming from the nature of anarchy with cooperation and collaboration between states.[6]. While liberalism agrees on an anarchical condition of international politics, it provides three main mechanisms that can explain a state behavior in order to avoid the risks coming from the anarchy: consolidation of democracy, economic interdependence, and transtational institutions.[7] In order to mitigate the threats and risks coming from the anarchy representatives of the liberal theory believe that states should become more interdependent with each other. Shared democratic values and economical interdependence significantly reduces the risk of military confrontation between states. Free trade relations between states, which result in a close economic ties between its citizens, excludes the chance of military confrontation with each other. According to Michael W. Doyle: Wars occur outside the liberal zone because conflicts of interest are deeper there.[8] Liberalism also allows a probability of the world peace despite the anarchical feature of international politics. If the state behavior is prone to establishment of international organizations and institutions then this behavior may lead to the long term cooperation between the member nations which share the same values. According to the liberalism military conflicts are not inevitable but can be prevented through collaboration. The development of an international organization such as United of Nation, NATO and European Union are the examples of cooperation between states that could promote stability. A central claim of this theory is that once created, institutions tend to persist, because it is cheaper to maintain institutions than to create new ones. Therefore, when confronted with new sets of problems, states seek to modify an already existing institution to meet new challenges. Thus, institutional liberal theories have easier time explaining why NATO persisted after the end of the Cold War even when the enemy that it was supposed to counter disappeared. Liberalism underlines the significace of the shared values between states. The principle of shared values can explain state behavior as they create alliances and develop joint capabilities, rather than focusing only on the development of their own.

Drunk Driving Essay -- essays research papers, Alcohol

The Saturday night party was the place to be. Anyone who is anyone was there. John’s curfew is midnight and its 12:05. Mark had been doing quite a lot of drinking and he was John’s ride home. John questioned whether or not he wanted to get in the car with Mark, but thought about how mad his parents were going to be. He was already five minutes late. Saying to himself â€Å"Just this one time,† he decided to get in the car. John never made it home that night. Mark had rolled the car off the bridge one mile away from his house. John lost his life all because he was afraid of getting grounded. There are many situations similar to John’s, and in a lot of them, no one survives. Because of all the death and tragedy as a result of driving under the influence of alcohol, I feel that there should be an increased punishment if caught. The legal definitions of "driving" and "drunk" are open to many interpretations, which vary greatly from state to state. In some places, "driving" can include sitting still in a parked or wrecked vehicle with the motor off, or starting up a car in a driveway. Police can and do arrest people whom they believe are drunk before they get on the road and even when they've pulled off to "sleep it off," just if they're in the driver's seat. As for the definition of "drunk," there are several major factors to consider. You can be "legally impaired" as viewed by the law without ever taking a drink, if you have taken other substances like prescription drugs that affe...

Promotional Mix for the Tide Racing Campaign Essay -- BTEC Business Ma

Promotional Mix for the Tide Racing Campaign There are hundreds of different ways top notch companies promote their products. When companies combine the many promotional methods used to promote a specific product, they represent the promotion mix for the product. The promotion mix is made up of four elements: advertising, personal selling, public relations, and sales promotion. Our assignment was to collect five items from the promotional mix in one campaign. Tom Utz works as a salesman for Proctor & Gamble. He works directly with the Nash Finch wholesaler based out of Minneapolis, MN, which owns several grocery chains such as Buy N’ Save, Albertson’s and Econo Foods. Tom specializes in selling laundry detergent soaps such as Tide, Gain, Era, and Cheer to Nash Finch retail stores. One of his biggest campaigns is selling Tide laundry detergent in the Tide Racing campaign. Advertising Advertising is a paid non-personal communication about an organization and its products transmitted to a target audience through mass media. Some examples are television, radio, newspapers, Internet, and direct mail. Proctor & Gamble’s most prominent form of advertising are television ads. Many people do not realize the products they use are even made by Proctor & Gamble. I have collected a Spanish direct mailing by Proctor & Gamble called â€Å"avanzando: con tu familia†, which means better living with your family. The magazine offers tips for using beauty products such as shampoo, make-up, deodorants, and toothpaste. It also offers advice for selling your home and cooking tips. The end of the direct mailing magazine has many coupons for purchasing the items they learned about. Proctor & Gamble hopes to get the consumer to try t... ...am include a t-shirt, hat, hot wheels car, water jug, and even a remote control car. These are all items donated by Proctor & Gamble to the retail stores in order to catch the attention of consumers. Thousands of people are willing to sign their names up for a chance to win in a free drawing. The drawings will benefit the company because they are getting their name and product featured, and the store benefits because it will lure customers into the store and extra purchases. This is a win-win situation for both parties. I have found various items from all four of the promotional mix elements. Effective promotional campaigns require a solid mix of items from the four elements. Companies seek to find the right variety from the four elements, and sometimes do not use all four elements. Tide racing uses all four items to promote their sponsorship with NASCAR.

Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol :: Charles Dickens Christmas Carol Essays

Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol The editor of one edition of ‘A Christmas Carol’ wrote â€Å"A story so admirably told, the details of place, of time, of person so dexterously made real for us† How does Dickens achieve this? How does he ‘A Christmas Carol’ a story which â€Å"No one could help but enjoy† In this essay I am going to be writing about the different techniques in which Dickens uses, and by using these bring people, place and time to life. Dickens cleaver use of techniques throughout this book really makes us feel as if we are actually there are selves. I think that the reason why dickens is so good at making this all seem so real to us is because when he was younger he grew up as a child in London himself, which I think would explain why this book has so much detail in it. A lot of what happens in this book most probably happened to Dickens as a boy as he used to be quite poor himself, an example of this is the cratchits Christmas dinner which I think was based on what Christmas used to be like for Dickens. Dickens motive for writing this book was so that he could make people aware of how awful it was to be poor, so he therefore wrote this in a story to try and get his point across. This is why Dickens is so good at using a range of different techniques which really create an image in are heads of what is really going on. I am mainly going to be focusing on the different techniques used in three certain passages from the book; these are going to be the description of Scrooge, the description of the shops in London and Fezziwigs ball. I have chosen these three passages as I think that they have been written in great detail and show us exactly how Dickens brings things to life and how well he does it. Even though I am focusing particularly on these passages Dickens use of techniques is constantly used throughout this book. His constant uses of adjectives throughout really create an image in are head of what something looks like or what is going on. He uses adjectives in a number of different ways but contently uses these same ways all through the book. Dickens will use listing such as â€Å"Great joints of meat, sucking pig, long wreaths of sausages, plum puddings.† He will also list three adjectives and then a noun for example â€Å"Cold, bleak, biting weather† and â€Å"Long, bare, melancholy room.† This really helps us to create an

Developing an action plan Essay

The Utah Symphony has proven its ability to generate substantial sums of Revenue with both performance revenues and by securing large sums of income from governmental grants along with generous contributions from individuals, corporations and foundations. The Symphony’s ability to draw large crowds along with their demanding schedule length allows them to offer the community ample opportunities to participate. The Symphony provides sustainability for 83 full time musicians, and this allows them to concentrate on the goals of the Symphony without the worries of looking for other income opportunities. Mr. Lockhart is a very talented and experienced music director that has a personal commitment to his symphony. Mr. Lockhart’s role as the music director comes with many challenges, it is through these challenges that he has elevated the Utah Symphony to the status they enjoy today. The musicians and Mr. Lockhart have developed a relationship of trust and respect, Mr. Lockhart has publicly acknowledged how important they are to the overall success of the symphony and his success as a director. The Utah Symphony has a very demanding schedule and with it comes great expense; the symphony needs to look for cost cutting options to maintain operations. They are relying on generous governmental funding and other contributions that are simply not what the previously had been. The symphony will need to look towards the possibility of reducing its staff’s income and benefits, to overcome this shortfall, which is a hard situation to deal with. Mr. Lockhart will need to take a stronger leadership role and develop a plan to approach the musicians about the dire situation they are in and try to develop a strategy to cut cost, however his personal relationship with them present a challenge that is not easy to overcome. Another concern is Mr. Lockhart does not want be perceived as â€Å"playing second string† when it comes to his Symphony and will need to look at the bigger picture to see what is best for the Symphony. Anne will need to be as straight forward and honest as possible about the  realties that the symphony faces, with regards to budget management and cost saving techniques. She will need to gain the trust of the musicians much the same way Keith has by developing the understanding of the importance the musicians hold within the developing organization for the merger to be successful. She needs to develop a relationship with Keith and his position with the symphony that does not create tension within the merged organization. The Utah Opera has developed a business strategy that works. They are running a very profitable organization that utilizes effective methods for fundraising and obtaining other contribution resources. They have appropriated their budget to allow them to maximize what revenue they attain wisely; they will have very little reduction in governmental grants, and a projected increase in contributions for individuals, corporations and foundations in the year to come. They have a large inventory of costumes and productions sets and own the building and land they operate in. With Anne as the head of the UOC she has grown the budget from 1.5 million to almost 5 million; she’s an accomplished fund raiser for the UOC. Anne bring many talents to the UOC from stage director, to general director Anne is a very crucial part of the success of the UOC. The UOC faces a challenging future with the lack of performance revenues projected for the upcoming season and increase in production cost they may have to make adjustments to staff to maintain their level of security, however they have been running an impressive surplus of nearly half a million dollars. With the merger details made public they have had some staffing concerns and even the resignation of the Director of operations Leslie Petersen. Some members of the UOC staff feel they may be placed in the shadows of the Symphony and end up flipping the bill for the symphonies failures. Anne has undertaken a huge role within the merger of the organizations and she will need to make sure she doesn’t lose focus with the day to day operations of the UOC, since she is currently without a Director of operations. Anne has a proving record of running efficient organizations and may not be sensitive to the needs and desires of the employees from both the UOC and USO, due to her drive for efficiency. Anne needs to place a Director of operations for the UOC as soon as possible. She will need to talk with her current employees and provide the assurance they need in regards to the important role they play in a successful merger. She will want to assure that the organizations will work together as one and the UOC will not be left flipping the bills from the shadows. Anne will want to continue to meet the needs of the UOC to maintain it level of success. Analysis of Company scorecards Financially the goals of the USO and UOC are quite similar they both are concerned with financial stability with increased profitability. Fund raising is realized as being very important to maintain that profitability with the USO focused more on keeping ticket prices the same as last year and the UOC with increasing their endowment being a priority, which has one to think that the UOC is more concerned with money then the artistic exposure aspect that the USO has. Both organizations have goals of increasing profitability, with the USO planning on a significant increased goal, the UOC just wants to increase the reserve funding (there security blanket). Both organization have similar goals with respect to notoriety however due to the size and scope of the entertainment they provide, the USO has a more world vision on success with the UOC is focused on national and regional recognition. Both organizations realize their success depends on great performances and talented performers; they remain very similar in that aspect. The crowds say it all and both the UOC and USO know that feedback and attendance is very important, but they have different views on how to gauge this with the USO focused on feedback directly from exiting customer and the UOC judging this by the ability to producing sell out performances. The internal processes of the two organizations are quite different with the USO maintaining the staff of it musicians tear round, and the UOC gaining new performers for different performances, they face different sets of challenges they both negotiate salaries for the performers and talents with  profitability being a major tactic. They measure the success of the internal process differently as we with the USO depending on improving ticket sales and returning customers the UOC is depending on reviews and profitability measurements for success. With respect to learning and growth, the organizations differ slightly. They are concerned with increasing the amount of performances, with the USO focused more on gaining a younger crowd the UOC is just trying to keep sales growing. They both realize the importance of ticket sales to their success with the UOC again is concentrating on having the increase in bottom line, where as the USO wants greater returning audiences. The scorecard does address some of the strengths and weakness, I developed prior but should have a better focus on what the organizations can do to improve and assure they will be successful in the future. The balance score card may not align with all the strengths and weaknesses of an organization but it more approximately focuses on what direction the organization desires to go to meet its desired outcome. USO & UOC Balanced Scorecard Financial  ·Strategic Goal: Being Financially stable with increased profitability  ·Critical Success Factor: Maintaining highly successful fundraising efforts to maintain ticket prices and endowments.  ·Measure: Increase profits providing Surplus deficits. Customer  ·Strategic Goal: Providing Top notch performances and gain Notoriety  ·Critical Success Factor: Acquiring quality performers  ·Measure: Ticket sales and exit surveys Internal Process  ·Strategic Goal: Attracting top talent while improving profitability  ·Critical Success Factor: Negotiating contracts closely to assure profitability  ·Measure: Improved profitability, and ticket sales. Learning and Growth  ·Strategic Goal: Increase of productions to more appealing crowds  ·Critical Success Factor: Increased profitability with Larger demographic  ·Measure: Return sales and exit survey results The weakness of the merged organization with regards to the financial stability will be how to distribute the profits; they both have goals to increase profitability which is a good starting point, they will just need to develop a solid plan. With regards to the customer the organization wants to increase its overall notoriety and exposure to different demo graph’s and this is a great strength they share and can benefit from. With regards to Internal processes the current goals they share to maintain profitability while negotiating salaries is a weakness due to the inherently different classes of talents the organizations face and how they can balance that difference while maintaining peace. The organizations share the goal of increased growth and exposure to a varied age group while increasing production so this should be a strength that they both will benefit from and have little trouble adapting to. With the balance scorecard in place, the financial issue that could arise would be how the profitability of the organization should be allocated, whereas the UOC is more focused on maintaining its endowment the USO is more concerned with keeping ticket sales stagnate while keeping the musicians happy. The Humans resources department will be dealing with two very different groups of talent and with the USO musicians union to deal with they will have a very challenging task with the merger.  When dealing with customer satisfaction, due to the organizations producing very different types of productions they have a level of frustration and confusion with scheduling and production run times. The best way to educate customers on the performances will be through advertisements and customer interactions such as exit surveys and questionnaires. The new merged company executive will want to develop a detailed business strategy that will show how the organization will be able to maintain its level of profitability while achieving all the financial goals it has developed. The new executive must help the Human resources department understand their roles and assemble this department from both organizations to be successful. As with any company customer satisfactions should be a priority and by educating the public about the benefits of the newly merged company and the great performances you provide can greatly increase your exposure to a larger customer base.

Globalization of the U.S. Subprime Mortgage Crisis Essay

The U. S sub prime Mortgage Crisis upset the world financial markets. The economy of the United States of America could combat the mortgage foreclosures for its efficiency. The global investors were wary of the fact that the sub prime mortgage crisis is a symptom of some unknown problems that the US economy is suffering from. In 1994, an almost insignificant less than 5% of all the mortgages in the U. S were sub prime. However by 2005, the figure had risen drastically to 20%. Sudden changes in the banking system were responsible for this increase. Earlier, mainly commercial banks were used to serving the American societies and they mainly offered fixed charge mortgages. In Detroit and in Boston this figure was 24. 6% and 15% respectively, whereas in California this figure was 14%. After a long period of stable interest rates with only a small downward trend, the rates started increasing. This decreased the demand for homes and hence causing a decrease in home prices. There was competition between the mortgage finance companies and mortgage brokers and the traditional banks in offering some new products. This growing competition produced a number of mortgage products and choices like sub prime loan of different varieties for the American consumers. Homeowners could not combat the increases in payments or even sell their homes because of market price depreciation. Almost 77% of the homes were overvalued in big cities like California (Enoch & Charles, 2007). Causes of the current U. S sub prime mortgage crisis. There seems to a common consensus that periods of rapid credit growth are accompanied by loosening lending standards. The former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan pointed in his speech to the Independent Community Bankers of America in 2001 that there was an unfortunate tendency among bankers to lend aggressively at the peak of a cycle and noted that this aggressive kind of lending could result to bad loans. This therefore means that the credit boom in America had a hand in causing the current sub prime crisis. Indeed more of the major banking crisis in the last a quarter a century occurred at times that there was an extremely fast credit growth. However not all credit booms are immediately followed by a banking crisis. For instance in a study by Barajas et al (2007), of the 135 credit booms that were identified, only 23 of them preceded a systematic banking crisis with this proportion increasing to 31 if the non-systemic episodes of financial distress are included. However almost half of the banking crisis were preceded by a credit boom. Larger and longer-lasting credit booms and those that have coincided with higher inflation and lower growth are more likely to end up in a crisis. Booms associated with fast rising assets and real estate prices are also more likely to lead to a crisis. The increase in home prices in early 2000 was completely unrealistic and made the homeowners believe that home prices will continue increase and make future refinancing and subsequent mortgages quite profitable. The loose standards made them believe that in buying expensive homes than they could have afforded with the traditional fixed rates loans and more expensive than they can afford now with their adjustable mortgage loans resetting. Most of the players in the mortgage market contributed to the crisis. Homeowners, brokers, lenders, rating agencies regulators, investors and central banks all played a role in the crisis. The homeowners ran into flexible loans with no understanding of them and even some lied on stated income loan applications (Giang, & Anthony, 2007, p. 39). The lenders hurriedly offered riskier loans to borrowers as loan products with adjustable rates transfer great part of a risk from the lender to the borrower. This risk transfer is the reason was the main contributing factor as to why the offered higher commission to brokers if they sold adjustable loan. Brokers were also controlled by greed and started offering adjustable mortgages to borrowers who would qualify for prime loans. However, lenders never expected such huge foreclosures and extreme flooring of house prices. Central banks and other huge investors have experienced significant losses as a result of mortgage asset devaluation. The risk of investing in securities backed by mortgage never came to realization as should have been. The investor mainly relied on investment grade ratings applied to mortgage backed securities by rating agencies. Historical data backed models are mainly used by rating agencies to provide investment rating. Mortgage backed securities have excellent historical date whereas adjustable mortgage loans and their innovative variations being new products on the mortgage market have no historical data. The regulators missed to prevent the crisis through legislation that would regulate higher lending standards. They can play a great role in prevention of an economic crisis (Eric, 2008). Global Spread of the U. S sub prime mortgage The recent volatility in the global financial markets due to the US sub prime mortgage has not spared banks throughout the world. In Saudi Arabia, banks have been able to absorb only minimal exposure to distressed loans. For instance, Saudi Basic Industries Corporations have faced some constraints. Superficially, the happenings of the global market seems little unaffecting to Saudi Arabia. However since the peaking of the US stock markets, the Tadawul All-share Index has been maintaining an upwards trend. For instance, strong demand meant that investors accepted a lower yield than previously indicated for a SABIC bond in the month of July 2007. In this case, the bulk of demand came from Middle East and mainly from Saudi Arabia. Other bonds issued by the Gulf Cooperation council suffered and a greater caution could likely have had an impact on investor perceptions of Saudi Arabia risk. Higher credit spread had increased the cost of borrowing even after taking into consideration any reduction in the Federal funds rate. Even though the costs of borrowing were not high to deter borrowing, the prospect of issuing debt had deteriorated forcing the companies to revise their plans. This placed an opportunity to large Saudi investors who are not reliant on new or foreign borrowing and therefore were better positioned to acquire foreign assets, generally at lower prices than prior to recent market moves. Saudi Arabia has been developing its mortgage market though the mortgage law is still to be approved, the housing finance industry is beginning to take off and there are loans available for homeowners to secure. However with the legal and regulatory infrastructure not in place, the crisis in the US has slowed the growth. The crisis in the US also hit demand and thus prices for other commodities produced by Saudi Arabia such as plastics. Lastly, due to the exchange rate peg, the interest rates were cuts further and this further the riyal weakened along with the dollar (Gerry & Paul, 2007). European country such as the United Kingdom and Spain faces an even larger housing problem as lenders are becoming more cautious. This implies that consumer spending in Europe is also experiencing the crunch of the US sub prime crisis. The current slowdown impacts on all parts of the chemical industry as housing is a key source of chemical demand. Sectors that directly supply the housing and automotive sector in the West are hardest hit. In the United Kingdom, though there are different circumstances, the effect of the US sub prime mortgage crisis are being experienced. First, there are fewer mortgages given to people of less credit worthiness compared to the other mortgages in the market in the UK whereas in the US this proportion is significantly large. In addition, about half of the borrowers in this proportion of sub prime mortgage in the UK do not have a history of significant payment problems. Secondly, the interest rates in the UK have been relatively stable compared to the US where there had been rapid rises in interest rates. Thirdly, in the UK, the house prices have been booming compared to the Us where the house prices have been decreasing leaving borrowers mired in negative equity and unable to sell their homes in order to service their loans. Finally, the lending criteria in the UK are much stricter than in the US that have been loose. However, despite all these the effect of the US sub prime mortgage crisis is being felt in the UK with the Bank of England taking a warning of then dangers of bailing out institutions that had taken reckless lending decision for profits. It also leads to the Bank of England cutting interest rates at the start of 2008. The US sub prime mortgage crisis has an impact on the Germany economy where the hardest hits are the German banks. The Industrial bank in Germany managed a fund that had invested in credit portfolios, which included US sub prime real estate loans. Commerce bank, which is the second largest bank in Germany, reported that the US subprime mortgage market had cost it 80 million euros in the second and last quarter of the financial year 2007. In the financial years 2007/2008, IKB expects that the crisis will influence negatively on its projected earning of 280 euros (Christopher, 2008). References Christopher B. L. (2008). The Next Slum, The Atlantic Monthly.New York: Oxford university press. Enoch and Charles. (2007). Rapid Growth in Credit: Endless Boom or EarlyWarning? New York: International Monetary Fund and Palgrave. Eric Janszen. (2008). The next bubble: The markets for tomorrow’s big crash. London: Harper’s press. Gerry, G. & Paul, F. (2007). A House of Cards: from fantasy finance to global crash. London: Lupus Books. Giang, H. and Anthony. (2007). â€Å"The Varying Effects of Predatory Lending Criteria on Mortgage Applications†, Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 89(1), pp. 39-59.

Religion Conclusion Essay

In conclusion, after reading and observing all major religions of the world Oudaism, Christianity and Islam) are different in their concept of worshipping, fasting, festivals and tradition. I found one significant thing in all major religions that they believed in one God and accepts of God existence. No matter whom we are and belongs which religion but at end of the day we all standup on a single platform of one God. In Judaism, worship is only for God and God is everlasting with no concept of death and born. This is the same belief in Islam that Allah is eternal with no wife, and son, and nor son of others. In Christianity, God is one but in three different divine substance of Trinity. Jesus of Nazareth teaches that to perform the Lord’s Prayer by sacrificing our self toward God love and for all people. Jesus said that â€Å"Humble men are very fortunate! For the Kingdom of Heaven is given to them†. This part concludes that Jesus preached that serve our life for God and humanity for forgiveness their sins and offering a precious gift kingdom of a heaven. The Gospel of Matthew, page no: 82 – 20- 178). I also found similar names of prophet in major religions. Similar names but different in pronunciation. As Jesus in Christianity and Isa in Islam, Moses in Judaism and Musa in Islam, Jacob in Judaism and Yaqub in Islam. At last all the major religion prophets came into this world with a similar message and mission of one God worshiped and transfer God commands towards followers for their better success in both worlds. All prophets gave instructions for doing good deed to reach heaven and strictly restrict not to perform sin. Furthermore, all major religions festivals give the message of happiness in our life by obeying God commands in certain manners. I also observed that all religious festivals make you closer towards God and make you strong in belief of your religion. Being a follower ofa religion will make you a unique person in the society and not only make you a person but more over make you a better human. I believed that a true religion is that who gave a message of oneness, equality, peace and humanity. The best religion which makes you a better human than a religious person. The upreme religion which teach you to serve our life for human welfare, help and support them without any discrimination. The great religion which guide you to walk on straight path of deed and revoke you from doing sin, the perfect religion which tells you to feel others pain and more respectful and humble to your parents in a lovely manner. Moreover, the best religion which command you to help poor people and orphans by providing necessary facilities of daily life. The most interesting, important and valuable things that I learned from all major religions that offerings rayers regularly which give you peace of mind. Remembering God in our life will make our heart and soul pure of divine light, getting guidance through teachings of your health. Good character and thinking about equality in every aspect of life where the color and race does not matter in your life. The guidance by the word of God (Quran, Torah and Bible) and the teachings of prophet will lead us to live life in this world with great comfort and the best religion to follow and achieve success everywhere. The most valuable things in Islam are the respect for Women, family and chieving good behavior and character. I feel blessed following this religion and I am blessed to born and die in the same religion because the meaning of Islam is peace and the biggest earning in life to earn peace in life, which I got it from birth and I will die in peace following the same religion. In last words, all religion teaches us about to truthful talk and helps others without any unfairness. This will make a better society and all religions preach that to develop the world with humankind and moral education.

“a Farewell to Arms” by Hemingway

A Farewell to Arms A symbol is an idea that represents another idea that has meaning behind it. In â€Å"A farewell to arms† by Hemingway, there are several symbols that help us understand the story better. Rain, river, and the officer’s stars are some that Hemingway uses to represent another idea. Rain is a recurrent symbol in the book that represents the idea of death and lost. At the beginning of the book Lt. Henry says â€Å"At the start of the winter came the permanent rain and with the rain came the cholera. But it was checked and in the end only seven thousand died of it in the army† (Hemingway 4). Lt. Henry is associating the rain with the seven thousands of soldiers that died. When Henry and Catherine are in the hospital she says that â€Å"she is afraid of the rain because she sees herself dead in it† (Hemingway 126). She says this because she is afraid that his love for Henry will not last and eventually their love will die. While rain represents death and lost in the other hand the river represents the opposite. River is another important symbol in â€Å"A farewell to arms†. The river represents hope, a new beginning. When Lt. Henry is capture by the battle police for treachery he thinks to himself; â€Å"So far they had shot every one they had questioned [†¦ ] I ducked down, pushed between two men, and ran for the river† (Hemingway 225). Lt. Henry jumps into the river because he wants to forget everything about the war. He leaves everything behind except Catherine to start a new life. Officers often wear stars to represent their status in the army and show how important they are. They represent competence and duty. In chapter 15 when Lt. Henry is the hospital because of his injured leg a doctor tells him they can not operate till 3 months. Lt. Henry calls for another doctor, Dr. Valentini which agrees to operate on him. Lt Henry says â€Å"There was a star in a box on his sleeve because was a major† (Hemingway 100). Henry is knows his in good hands because of the star the doctor is wearing while the other doctors did not have stars on their sleeve. Another example is chapter 32 when Henry talks about removing his stars and uniform; â€Å" I would like to have had the uniform off although I did not care much about the outward forms. I had taken off the stars [†¦] I was through. (Hemingway 232). Lt. Henry does this because he does not want to have anything related to war, since the stars and uniform represent his duty in war he takes it off to forget about the war. In â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† the symbols such as rain, river, and the officer’s stars help us understand the story better. Rain symbolizes death and lost while river symbolizes a new beginning, new life, and finally the stars the officers wear on their sleeve represent the competence and duty.

Why is euripides hate woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why is euripides hate woman - Essay Example Women in this era were expected to be homemakers, and make good wives and mothers, under the rule of their husbands. Therefore, a deviation from this norm would lead to strict sanctions against the women (Powell 4). In Euripides’ Medea, Medea serves as an ancient feminist, denouncing the strict gender roles imposed on women by the society. However, Euripides brings out the â€Å"feminist† as a lunatic, who even kills her own children. To an extent, Euripides portrayed women in negative light to emphasize that women should stick to their place in society, and not seek equality with men, as this makes them outcasts (Powell 8). Euripides’ hatred for women can also been associated with the events in his personal life. Euripides’ personal life was characterized by considerable controversies, judging from the different rumours about his parentage, youth, and marriage. For instance, it is believed that Euripides broke from his first and second marriages because of the infidelity of his wives (Powell 5). This successive unfaithfulness by his wives might have led him to perceive all women in the context of his wives, and therefore, portray them negatively in his plays. Therefore, Euripides hatred for women was influenced by the circumstances he faced in his personal life, the interactions he had with women, as well as the social conditioning from the society in which he

Health care interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health care interview - Essay Example followed healthy lifestyle with outdoor activities and nutritious food habits. They mainly access healthcare through medical expenses and consult their local doctors. As part of baby boomers’ generation, their health related expenses are fully insured by state and Medicare takes care of it. They are satisfied because they find their doctors friendly who empowers them with information about illness so that they can take better prevention next time. In the times of the fathers, life had become more hectic which left little time for outdoor activities. The technology had infiltrated all aspects of their personal and professional life. They access healthcare through local government clinic and specialist that have opted for in their health insurance. Most pertinently, healthcare deliverables had become market driven. Healthcare is purchased by individuals and employers from private agencies and insurers and not government. This segment is not satisfied as they could only opt for healthcare plans which they could afford and not what they actually required. It also meant that in cases of serious illness, their finances were stretched badly. For poor and marginalized population access to quality healthcare was limited due to lack of resources. Access to healthcare services was also tedious due to long queue and waiting. Access to healthcare services were accessed mainly by prior appointments with specialists and relied on strict med ications for getting well. They were more resigned to higher cost of healthcare and had little faith in alternative medicines. The current generation of people is technology driven but it also realizes the importance of holistic treatment. It believes in empowered decisions and therefore is more inclined to research the illnesses through internet. They access healthcare through local dispensary as well as consult specialist if the

TEN COUNSELING THEORY CONSTRUCTS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TEN COUNSELING THEORY CONSTRUCTS - Coursework Example The ego is on the other hand is concerned with realization of reality and it demands on someone and it is involved with reasoning. Superego is concerned with things being right or wrong. Since the personality has the id, ego and superego, it is the three that function in their own ways to result to functions of personality. The id controls ones desires and needs like the drive to eat or drink. Ego acts as the mediator of the others i.e. the id and the superego (Corey, 2008). It also mediates these two with the external world. The superego is responsible to decision making on what is right or wrong. Freud stated that a normal human being is as such on the average. He further stated that this person’s ego nears that of a psychotic in some instance or in a greater extent. He further asserted that anxiety reduction is responsible for normal traits. Freud asserted that mental illnesses develop from childhood and hugely caused by unconscious mind and motivation comes from anxiety reduction. He further said that behaviors in abnormality are exhibits of alternatives of repression. Corey (2008) states that the theory makes it clear that the human mind is dynamic and the behaviors that one exhibits if well looked into have a source that is traceable meaning that it is possible to change behavior. Freud has mentioned a number of techniques that can be used therapeutically or in Counseling. One is dream analysis where traumatic ones are referred to as routes to the unconscious. The other is Para praxes which is the slip of the pen or tongue when the unconscious interrupts the conscious mind shortly. The last is word association where the first word uttered randomly is used at a later therapeutic situation. The client needs to attend the sessions as required or agreed upon. The client is supposed to give honest information about the situation bothering them. Above all it is important for the client to give information of progress of the